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Irish needle lace
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Irish needle lace from Youghal, Ire., last quarter of the 19th century; in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.
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Irish needle lace from Youghal, Ire., last quarter of the 19th century; in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.
Irish needle lace from Youghal, Ire., last quarter of the 19th century; in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

Irish needle lace

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Irish needle lace, lace made with a needle in Ireland from the late 1840s, when the craft was introduced as a famine-relief measure. Technically and stylistically influenced by 17th-century Venetian needle lace, it arose in several centres through the enterprise of individuals, especially the mother superiors of convents, who unraveled old examples to learn the technique and then taught the pupils of convents or local schools. Tyrran in County Armagh was a needle-lace centre from 1849 to 1865. Among other centres were Youghal in County Cork and its offshoots at Kenmare in County Kerry and New Ross in County Wexford.

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lacemaking
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lacemaking

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lacemaking, Methods of producing lace. The popularity of handmade laces led to the invention of lacemaking machines in the 19th century (see John Heathcoat). Early models required intricate engineering mechanisms. Later improvements included Nottingham-lace machines, primarily for coarse lace, and Barmens machines. Schiffli lace, a type of embroidery, is made by modern machines, evolved from a hand version, using needles with points at each end. Many types of machine-made laces are produced, frequently with geometrically shaped nets forming their backgrounds. The high strength and comparatively low cost of man-made fibre yarns have made sheer laces widely available.

This article was most recently revised and updated by Robert Curley.
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