Moustiers faience

Moustiers faience, French tin-glazed earthenware produced by factories in the town of Moustiers from about 1679 into the 19th century. The wares manufactured in the 17th and 18th centuries were so distinctive, and of such high quality, that they were extensively copied at other faience centres in France.

According to tradition, a monk, originally from Faenza, a major Italian centre for the production of maiolica, gave the secret of faience making to a local potter named Antoine Clérissy, who established the most important factory in Moustiers and founded a dynasty of faïenciers active until the late 18th century. Characteristic Clérissy faience, which is blue and white, falls into two periods: in the early period (1680–1710), decoration was inspired by the engravings of Antonio Tempesta (d. 1630); in the later period (1710–40), by the engravings of Jean Bérain the Elder (1638–1711), whose designs greatly influenced French decorative art at the time. Wares in the Bérain style, for which Moustiers is probably most famous, are delicate and fanciful; large dishes, for example, are decorated with a spidery net, made up of arabesques, architectural motifs, birds, vases of flowers, and the like, which serves as a frame for a classical scene.

Another important Moustiers factory was that of Joseph Olerys, founded in 1738 and active until c. 1793. Olerys introduced polychrome decoration, producing faience in the Bérain style painted in purple, soft green, and orange as well as blue. Other polychrome faience wares produced by this factory were decorated with such designs as chinoiseries (designs in the Chinese manner), military motifs, medallions, and a so-called potato flower motif. Overglaze painted decoration was introduced in the late 18th century by yet another Moustiers factory. Nineteenth-century Moustiers faience consisted of reproductions of earlier wares.