Deborah Sampson

Deborah Sampson (born December 17, 1760, Plympton, Massachusetts [U.S.]—died April 29, 1827, Sharon, Massachusetts, U.S.) was an American Revolutionary soldier and one of the earliest female lecturers in the country.

After a childhood as an indentured servant, she worked as a school teacher for a few years. The venturesome Sampson decided to enter the Continental Army to participate in the American Revolutionary War. Assuming a man’s identity, she enlisted as “Robert Shurtleff” in the 4th Massachusetts Regiment in 1782. Nicknamed “Molly” because of her beardless features, she fought in numerous skirmishes and received both sword and musket wounds. A bout with fever uncovered her identity, and in 1783 she was discharged from the army.

In 1784 or 1785 she married Benjamin Gannett, a Massachusetts farmer, and was later awarded a small pension by Congress. An account of her war experience, The Female Review, was published in 1797, and in 1802 she began to lecture on her experiences, concluding her highly romanticized speech by dressing in a soldier’s uniform and performing the manual of arms. She was perhaps the first woman to lecture professionally in the United States. In 1838 Congress passed an act providing a full military pension to her heirs.