E.L. James

E.L. James (born c. 1963, London, England) is a British author best known for the Fifty Shades series of erotic novels.

James is the daughter of a Chilean mother and a Scottish father. She studied history at the University of Kent before taking a job as a studio manager’s assistant at the National Film and Television School in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire. While there, she met aspiring screenwriter Niall Leonard, and the two were married in 1987. James subsequently worked as a manager at the television production company Shooting Stars and as a production executive at the British Broadcasting Corporation.

Although she was a longtime fan of romance novels, James had done little writing of her own. After viewing Twilight (2008), a film adapted from the first book of Stephenie Meyer’s popular series of vampire novels aimed at young adults, James was inspired to write stories based on Twilight characters. Such works belong to a genre known as fan fiction, wherein amateur authors reimagine characters from popular books, films, or television series. Although some fan fiction is rooted firmly in the “universe” of its source material, other fan fiction retains little more than the names of existing characters or locations. James’s efforts fell into the latter category: Twilight’s Bella Swan changed from a brooding high-school student to a naive university student, and Edward Cullen, Bella’s vampire love interest, became a wealthy reclusive corporate executive. James adopted the pen name Snowqueens Icedragon and began posting her tale, titled Master of the Universe, in installments to a fan-fiction Web site in 2009. Her husband acted as her editor, and readers offered opinions on the direction of the story as each chapter was unveiled.

The racy Master of the Universe was a radical departure from the chaste Twilight, and readers devoured each installment of James’s sexually explicit tale. Over the following two years, James chronicled the steamy relationship of Bella and Edward in Master of the Universe and Master of the Universe II, and word-of-mouth recommendations attracted tens of thousands of readers to the series. In 2011 James severed her stories’ connections to Twilight—Bella was renamed Anastasia Steele and Edward became Christian Grey—though the underlying narrative was virtually unchanged.

James subsequently signed a contract with a small Australian publisher, and Master of the Universe, renamed Fifty Shades of Grey, was published in print and as an e-book in May 2011. The original versions of James’s stories were taken offline, and her second book, Fifty Shades Darker, was released in September 2011. The third book in the series, Fifty Shades Freed, was published in January 2012, and in February James signed a contract with the major international publisher Knopf Doubleday. While these initial installments were from Ana’s perspective, James later issued a series of books as told by Christian: Grey (2015), Darker (2017), and Freed (2021).

The Fifty Shades books promptly became best sellers on both sides of the Atlantic, with e-book sales contributing in large measure to that success. Just months after Fifty Shades of Grey’s major-publisher release, it became the top-selling book of all time on Amazon’s Kindle e-reader. In time, James’s overwhelmingly female readership achieved a global character as Fifty Shades of Grey was translated into dozens of languages, including French, Japanese, Korean, and Hebrew.

The first novel was adapted as a 2015 film starring Jamie Dornan and Dakota Johnson as Grey and Steele, respectively. Though subject to the same critical flogging as James’s novels, the movie was highly profitable. Two sequels followed, Fifty Shades Darker in 2017 and Fifty Shades Freed in 2018.

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In 2019 James published The Mister, about a British aristocrat who falls in love with an undocumented Albanian immigrant who becomes his house cleaner after escaping sex traffickers. She continued the story in The Missus, published in 2023.