Edward Augustus, duke of Kent and Strathern

Edward Augustus, duke of Kent and Strathern (born Nov. 2, 1767, Buckingham Palace, London—died Jan. 23, 1820, Sidmouth, Devonshire, Eng.) was the fourth son of King George III of Great Britain, and the father of Queen Victoria.

He made his career in the army and saw service at Gibraltar, Canada, and the West Indies, where he was renowned as a severe disciplinarian. Like most of his brothers, he was not on good terms with his father, and for most of his life he was heavily in debt.

In 1790 he took command of the royal fusiliers at Gibraltar, and in 1791 he led his regiment to Canada, where he spent two years at Quebec. He was promoted to major general in 1793 and led a brigade of grenadiers in the capture of Martinique and St. Lucia from the French. He then returned to Canada until 1798, when an injury forced him back to England. In 1799 he was made duke of Kent and Strathern and earl of Dublin and was promoted to general in command of British forces in North America. Ill health prevented his staying long in Canada, but while there he managed to develop good relations with the French-speaking population. The Île Saint-Jean was renamed Prince Edward Island in 1799 in his honour.

The duke was appointed governor of Gibraltar in 1802, but his harsh rule provoked a mutiny there and he was recalled to England. He became a field marshal in 1805, though he did not engage actively in the army. In 1815 the duke retired to Brussels, but in 1818, in order to provide an heir to the throne, he was compelled to part with his mistress, Thérèse Bernadine Montgenêt (known as Mme de Saint-Laurent), with whom he had lived for 20 years; and in 1818 he married Princess Mary Louisa Victoria of Saxe–Saalfeld–Coburg (1786–1861), who became the mother of Queen Victoria.