Faith Bandler

Faith Bandler (born September 27, 1918, Tumbulgum, New South Wales, Australia—died February 13, 2015, Sydney, New South Wales) was an Australian civil rights activist who advocated for the rights of Indigenous Australians and South Sea Islander people—those who were brought to Australia, often forcibly, from the islands of the southwestern Pacific Ocean during the late 19th century. She was instrumental in getting the Australian federal government to recognize Indigenous peoples in the national census and to remove language from the Australian constitution that discriminated against them.

Mussing’s father was a South Sea Islander person. He had been kidnapped from an island in the New Hebrides (now Vanuatu) when he was 12 years old, in a practice known as blackbirding. He was brought to Australia, where he was forced to work in sugarcane fields as an enslaved person. Mussing’s father met her mother, an Australian of Scottish and Indian descent, after he escaped slavery in 1897. Mussing was the second of the couple’s eight children. Her father died when she was four. She attended high school in Murwillumbah, New South Wales, where she encountered racial abuse from other students.

During World War II Mussing joined the Australian Women’s Land Army. As a member of that organization, she worked on farms while male workers were fighting in the war. After the war, she worked in a shirt factory. Mussing became involved with left-wing circles in the Sydney suburb Kings Cross. In 1951 she participated in the Unity Dance Group, founded by choreographer Margaret Walker, leaving Australia to perform in Europe as the lead in “The Dance of the Aboriginal Girl,” based on a poem written by Langston Hughes. In 1952 she returned to Australia and married Hans Bandler, a Jewish refugee who had escaped Nazi Germany. In 1954 they had a daughter, Lilon Bandler. Hans Bandler’s support of Faith Bandler’s activism proved invaluable to her lifelong commitment to civil rights.

Bandler had previously met and been influenced by Australian human rights activist Jessie Street and Aboriginal civil rights activist Pearl Gibbs. In 1956 Bandler and Gibbs helped found the Aboriginal-Australian Fellowship to advance Aboriginal rights. The next year Bandler began a campaign to urge the federal government to offer a referendum that would address aspects of the constitution that were detrimental to Indigenous communities. She gave speeches and tried to impart the importance of the referendum. Ten years later, a referendum was held. It asked whether Indigenous Australians should be counted in the national census and whether they should be governed by the federal government (rather than by varied state governments). The results were resoundingly affirmative, with 90.77 percent of votes cast in the affirmative and majority support in all six Australian states.

Meanwhile, Bandler had become involved with the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders. She served as the organization’s secretary in the early 1970s, but she left after tensions arose over her rightful place in the organization since she was not an Aboriginal person nor a Torres Strait Islander person. She thereafter continued to fight for the rights of South Sea Islander people and women. Although Bandler’s work advanced the rights of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, members of the South Sea Islander community were often ignored in these matters, because the minority group did not have long historical ties to Australia, having been brought forcibly to the country starting in the 19th century. This made them ineligible for some of the same benefits—such as land rights—as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

Bandler went to her father’s homeland of Vanuatu in the 1970s, meeting with his relatives. She documented their lives and the exploitation to which they were subject, especially at the hands of labour traffickers and sugarcane growers. In 1974 Bandler helped to form the Australian South Sea Islanders United Council to improve housing, education, and health services for the South Sea Islander community in Australia. In 1976 she was offered to be made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for her work, but she declined it in protest of the replacement of Prime Minister Gough Whitlam by Australia’s governor-general John Kerr.

The Australian South Sea Islanders United Council asked the government to investigate the disadvantages faced by South Sea Islander people. The result was published in 1992 as The Call for Recognition. In response to the report, the government officially recognized the Australian South Sea Islander community as a distinct ethnic group in Australia and acknowledged the injustices its people had suffered.

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Bandler wrote several books, including ones about her experiences with the Aboriginal-Australian Fellowship and the Federal Council. In 1997 she was awarded the Human Rights Medal by the Australia Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission and was named a national living treasure. She was made a Companion of the Order of Australia in 2009.