Films of the 1950s
- Born:
- December 5, 1890, Vienna, Austria-Hungary
- Died:
- August 2, 1976, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
House by the River (1950), an atmospheric Southern Gothic melodrama made for Poverty Row studio Republic Pictures, was followed by American Guerrilla in the Philippines (1950), a rousing if conventional World War II adventure starring Tyrone Power as a stranded U.S. Navy officer leading native Filipinos in their fight against superior Japanese forces. With Rancho Notorious (1952) Lang hit his stride again. Made for RKO, the quirky noirish western starred Marlene Dietrich as the hard-boiled owner (and chanteuse) of an outlaw hideout. A revenge-driven cowboy (Arthur Kennedy) wangles an invitation to the hideout from a gunslinger (Mel Ferrer), leading to romance and then violence.
Lang then deftly directed a high-profile cast that included Barbara Stanwyck, Robert Ryan, Paul Douglas, and Marilyn Monroe in the hyperemotional melodrama Clash by Night (1952), which was based on a play by Clifford Odets. The Blue Gardenia (1953), featuring Anne Baxter as a woman accused of murdering a lecher (Raymond Burr), was a neatly plotted film noir, but it caused much less of a stir than Lang’s other film of 1953, The Big Heat. That film unleashed the raw fury of Glenn Ford as a rogue police officer whose wife is killed by a criminal gang, but Gloria Grahame provided the movie’s moral centre and peculiar resonance. The critics were largely unimpressed by the reteaming of Ford and Grahame in Human Desire (1954), Lang’s remake for Columbia of Renoir’s 1938 adaptation of Émile Zola’s novel La Bête humaine (1890; The Human Beast). The anomalous Moonfleet (1955), a period buccaneer film, followed to little notice.
While the City Sleeps (1956) presented Lang with more familiar material, a frantic manhunt for the psychopathic “Lipstick Killer” (John Drew Barrymore) by a pack of amoral journalists (Dana Andrews, Vincent Price, Thomas Mitchell, and George Sanders). Lang’s second picture for RKO in 1956 was Beyond a Reasonable Doubt, a paranoid thriller with Andrews portraying a man who pretends to be guilty of murder, only to find that he cannot extricate himself from the web of deceit he has woven. The film’s dramatization of fate’s implacable vortex was a fitting conclusion to Lang’s Hollywood career.
Last films
Lang made a pair of related films in India—Tiger of Bengal and The Tomb of Love (also known as The Indian Tomb), both released in 1959—that were edited into a single film, Journey to the Lost City (1960), for release in the United States. He then returned to Germany, where he directed his final film, the third installment of the Dr. Mabuse series, Die 1000 Augen des Dr. Mabuse (1960; The Thousand Eyes of Dr. Mabuse), before retiring in California.
Michael Barson