Fujiwara Fuhito

Fujiwara Fuhito (born 659, Japan—died Sept. 9, 720, Japan) was a Japanese statesman whose descendants formed the four houses of the Fujiwara family that dominated Japan between 857 and 1160.

Fuhito was the son of the famous Nakatomi Kamatari (614–669), who was granted the new surname Fujiwara as a reward for having helped plan the coup d’etat that brought the emperor Tenji to the throne. Because of his father’s prestige, Fuhito was given high court rank.

In 701 Fuhito headed the committee that drafted the Taihō code. Consisting of 11 volumes of general laws and 6 volumes of criminal laws, it was the first comprehensive law code promulgated in Japan. Revised in 718, it was then retitled the Yōrō code.

Two of Fuhito’s daughters became Imperial consorts, and the emperor Shōmu (reigned 724–748) was his grandson—this marital connection between the Fujiwara and Imperial families was the basis of the Fujiwara’s rise to power. All of Fuhito’s four sons died in a smallpox epidemic in 737, resulting in a temporary eclipse of the family’s fortunes. Their sons and grandsons continued the line, however, and, by the middle of the next century, the Fujiwaras dominated the court.