John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir

John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir (born Aug. 26, 1875, Perth, Perthshire, Scot.—died Feb. 11, 1940, Montreal) was a statesman and writer best known for his swift-paced adventure stories. His 50 books, all written in his spare time while pursuing an active career in politics, diplomacy, and publishing, include many historical novels and biographies.

A clergyman’s son, Buchan was educated at the universities of Glasgow and Oxford, where he began to publish fiction and history. He was called to the bar in 1901 and worked on the staff of the high commissioner for South Africa in that country (1901–03), forming a lifelong attachment to the cause of empire. Back in London, he became a director of Nelson’s, the publishers for whom he wrote what is often held to be the best of his adventure stories in the style of Robert Louis Stevenson, Prester John (1910); it is a vivid, prophetic account of an African rising. During World War I Buchan held a staff appointment, and in 1917 he became director of information for the British government. His Thirty-Nine Steps (1915) was the most popular of his series of secret-service thrillers and the first of many to feature Richard Hannay. The 1935 film of The Thirty-Nine Steps, directed by Alfred Hitchcock, is often acclaimed a classic motion-picture thriller.

After the war Buchan became assistant director of the British news agency Reuters and was member of Parliament for the Scottish universities, 1927–35. His biographies, Montrose (1928) and Sir Walter Scott (1932), are illuminated by compassionate understanding of Scottish history and literature. In 1935 he was raised to the peerage and appointed governor-general of Canada, which was the setting for his novel, Sick Heart River (1941; U.S. title, Mountain Meadow). His autobiography, Memory Hold-the-Door, was published in 1940.