Leon Fleisher

Leon Fleisher (born July 23, 1928, San Francisco, California, U.S.—died August 2, 2020, Baltimore, Maryland) was an American pianist and conductor who overcame a debilitating neurological condition to resume playing his full concert repertoire.

A child prodigy, Fleisher began studying the piano at age four, gave his first public recital at eight, and at nine was taken under the wing of the legendary Austrian pianist and teacher Artur Schnabel. Fleisher made his debut at Carnegie Hall with the New York Philharmonic under Pierre Monteux in 1944, and he ensured his place among the top pianists of the day when he won Belgium’s Queen Elisabeth International Piano Competition in 1952. Thereafter, he was much in demand by orchestras, concert promoters, and record companies. Especially notable was his series of concerts and recordings featuring the concertos of Mozart, Beethoven, and Brahms with George Szell and the Cleveland Orchestra.

In early 1965 Fleisher began suffering from a malfunction of his right hand: the ring and little fingers curled uncontrollably to his palm. The problem was diagnosed in 1991 as focal dystonia, a condition related to repetitive-stress syndrome, which not infrequently affects musicians. Undaunted, Fleisher focused his energies on teaching and conducting. In 1959 he began his long association with the Peabody Conservatory of Music in Baltimore, Maryland; he also taught at the Curtis Institute of Music, Philadelphia, and at the Glenn Gould School of the Royal Conservatory of Music, Toronto. He was the founder in 1967 of the Theatre Chamber Players at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C., and the artistic director (1986–97) of the Tanglewood Music Center in Lenox, Massachusetts.

Eventually Fleisher began performing left-hand pieces for piano. (A number of such works—including compositions by Maurice Ravel, Sergey Prokofiev, Benjamin Britten, and Paul Hindemith—were written for Paul Wittgenstein, a gifted pianist who lost his right arm in World War I.) In addition, Fleisher commissioned or inspired new works from William Bolcom, Lukas Foss, Gunter Schuller, and several other notable composers. During his years of affliction, Fleisher sought relief in numerous treatments, including brain surgery; in the mid-1990s he discovered that occasional injections of Botox (botulinum toxin used as a muscle relaxant) combined with Rolfing (a type of massage therapy) ameliorated the condition. Fleisher returned to two-hand performance in 1995; his right hand steadily improved, although he did not abandon the left-hand repertoire. In 2004 he played a triumphant return recital at Carnegie Hall, and he made his first solo two-hand recording since the 1960s. A short documentary film by Nathaniel Kahn about Fleisher’s persistence, Two Hands (2006), was nominated for an Academy Award. In 2007 he was awarded a Kennedy Center Honor for his contributions to music.