Nikolay Vasilyevich, prince Repnin
- Born:
- March 11 [March 22, New Style], 1734
- Died:
- May 12 [May 24], 1801, Moscow (aged 67)
Nikolay Vasilyevich, prince Repnin (born March 11 [March 22, New Style], 1734—died May 12 [May 24], 1801, Moscow) was a diplomat and military officer who served Catherine II the Great of Russia by greatly increasing Russia’s influence over Poland before that country was partitioned. He later distinguished himself in Russia’s wars against the Turks.
The grandson of a noted general during the reign of Peter I the Great, Repnin entered the army and in 1762 was appointed ambassador to Berlin by Peter III.
In November 1763 Catherine (who had overthrown Peter in mid-1762) transferred Repnin to Warsaw, where he tried to assert Russia’s dominance over the weak Polish government. In pursuit of this goal he encouraged the formation of the Confederation of Radom (June 1767), an armed league of pro-Russian Polish nobles who opposed their king. When the confederation seized Warsaw and summoned a Sejm (parliament, or diet; 1768), Repnin with the aid of Russian troops compelled the Sejm to accept the principle of Russia’s right to intervene in Polish internal affairs.
As a consequence, civil war broke out in Poland, and the Ottoman Empire declared war on Russia. Repnin was removed from his Warsaw post and sent to fight the Turks (1768). After military successes in Moldavia and Walachia, he was made supreme commander of the Russian armies in Walachia (1771) and defeated the Turks at Bucharest.
Assigned to the post of ambassador to the Ottoman Empire (1775–76), Repnin later served as plenipotentiary at the Congress of Teschen (March–May 1779), which ended the War of the Bavarian Succession. When war again broke out between Russia and the Turks (1787), he distinguished himself as an outstanding commander. Succeeding to the post of commander in chief in 1791, Repnin routed the grand vizier at Machin and thereby forced the Turks to accept the truce of Galaṭi (Aug. 11, 1791).
In 1794 Repnin was appointed governorgeneral of the Lithuanian provinces, which Russia had acquired in the partitions of Poland. Subsequently, the emperor Paul I promoted him to the rank of field marshal (1796) and sent him on diplomatic missions to Austria and Prussia (1798) in an attempt to draw them into an alliance against revolutionary France. Unsuccessful, Repnin was dismissed from the service upon his return to Russia.