Peter Rodino

Peter Rodino (born June 7, 1909, Newark, N.J., U.S.—died May 7, 2005, West Orange, N.J.) was an American politician who served for 40 years as a Democratic representative from New Jersey in the U.S. House of Representatives (1949–89). As chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, he steered the 1974 impeachment hearings of Pres. Richard M. Nixon during the Watergate Scandal. He was known for his advocacy of civil rights and immigration reform and for having introduced the bill that made Columbus Day a national holiday.

The son of Italian immigrants, Rodino grew up in a tenement in the Little Italy section of Newark, N.J. He graduated from the University of Newark and then took night courses at the New Jersey Law School, earning his law degree in 1937; both schools are now part of Rutgers University. Rodino was admitted to the bar in 1938 and worked as a lawyer in Newark until joining the United States Army (1941–46) to serve in Italy and North Africa during World War II. In 1948 he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. Until the 1970s he was little known outside his New Jersey district.

In 1973 Rodino was elected chairman of the House Judiciary Committee. After Nixon was implicated in illegal activities related to the burglary and wiretapping of the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate office complex, the Judiciary Committee initiated impeachment hearings against the president. In preparation for the hearings, Rodino read about the impeachment of Pres. Andrew Johnson in 1868 and studied the Watergate evidential record intensively. Although many legislators, including some Democrats, questioned whether Rodino was fully qualified to lead the hearings, he impressed his colleagues throughout the proceedings with his patience and fairness. The House Judiciary Committee voted to recommend three articles of impeachment: for obstruction of justice, abuse of power, and failure to comply with congressional subpoenas. On Aug. 5, 1974, in compliance with a Supreme Court ruling, Nixon submitted to the Judiciary Committee transcripts of a taped conversation in which he discussed plans to halt an investigation into the Watergate break-in by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI); he resigned the presidency three days later. The hearings earned Rodino widespread popularity among the American people, who believed he had handled the situation with sympathy and honesty.

Rodino was later appointed a manager by the House of Representatives in the impeachment trials of district court judge Harry E. Claiborne (1986) and district court judge Alcee Lamar Hastings (1988). He also served as chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary (1973–88). After retiring from political office in 1989, he was a professor of law at Seton Hall University until his death.