Stan Kenton

Stan Kenton (born December 15, 1911, Wichita, Kansas, U.S.—died August 25, 1979, Los Angeles, California) was an American jazz bandleader, pianist, and composer who commissioned and promoted the works of many modern composer-arrangers. He combined formal education with big-band jazz and produced what became the stage (or concert) band movement of the 1960s and ’70s, involving thousands of high school and college musicians.

Kenton was conceived before his parents were married; they therefore lied about his date of birth, claiming he was born on February 19, 1912, which he celebrated as his birthday into his adulthood. His birth certificate, according to researchers, states that he was born on December 15, 1911. Kenton began writing music in his teens, was a pianist and arranger for dance bands in the 1930s, and was influenced by Earl Hines as a pianist and by Claude Thornhill and Benny Carter as an arranger. Kenton formed his own band in 1940 and continued forming bands and touring almost until his death.

Much of Kenton’s music is more like nonswing 20th-century concert music than jazz or dance music, especially the serious works of Robert Graettinger (“City of Glass”), Johnny Richards (“Cuban Fire”), and Russ Garcia (“Adventures in Emotions”) and pieces by Bill Holman, Bill Russo, and others.

Kenton also featured outstanding jazz improvisers, including saxophonists Lee Konitz and Art Pepper, trumpeter Conte Candoli, and trombonist Frank Rosolino, but his emphasis was less on improvisation than on elaborate arrangements, often employing instruments uncommon to earlier jazz such as bass saxophone, tuba, French horn, strings, and mellophonium (a trumpet–French horn hybrid commissioned by Kenton). He also showed a keen interest in Latin-American music and often used a Latin percussionist.

Kenton’s most typical band sound involved high, loud, block-voiced trumpet playing, with five- and six-note chords, and open-voiced trombone-section harmonies. Saxophone passages written in sixteenth notes were also a Kenton trademark, as was his use of the full range of loudness levels that could be extracted from a band.

Kenton was responsible for the “progressive jazz” label that some mistake for all modern jazz and some use to identify all Kenton-linked jazz. Some critics place his music in the “cool jazz” category and, being based in California, many of his players—including Shorty Rogers, Bill Perkins, and Shelly Manne—were identified with West Coast jazz, a subcategory of cool jazz.

From 1970 Kenton ran his own combination record company, publishing house, and promotional network, called Creative World. His best-known composition is “Artistry in Rhythm,” the band’s theme. Among his most popular recordings are “Intermission Riff,” “Eager Beaver,” and “Peanut Vendor.”

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