Zoltan Korda

Zoltan Korda (born June 3, 1895, Pusztatúrpásztó, Austria-Hungary [now in Hungary]—died October 13, 1961, Hollywood, California, U.S.) was a Hungarian-born film director best known for such war dramas as The Four Feathers (1939) and Sahara (1943).

He was the younger brother of Sándor Kellner, who later adopted the name Alexander Korda and became a noted director and producer; early in his career, Zoltan also changed his last name to Korda. After serving in the Austro-Hungarian army during World War I, he moved to Budapest and joined Alexander’s film company as an editor; Zoltan also directed two films during this time. When Alexander moved his base to Germany in 1923, Zoltan followed and began working as a cameraman. In 1927 he codirected Die elf Teufel (“The Eleven Devils”), and a few years later he wrote the story for Alexander’s Women Everywhere (1930).

The brothers moved to England in 1932, and the following year Zoltan made Cash (U.S. title, For Love or Money), a comedy with Robert Donat and Wendy Barrie. He then helmed the drama Sanders of the River (1935), which starred Paul Robeson as an African chief and Nina Mae McKinney as his queen. Zoltan and his brother argued over the film’s portrayal of colonialism, and Alexander, as the producer, ultimately edited the movie so that it glorified the British Empire. Robeson disowned Sanders of the River, but it proved popular at the box office. Zoltan then codirected Conquest of the Air (1936), a docudrama about the history of aviation, and Elephant Boy (1937). The latter, which featured location footage shot by documentary specialist Robert J. Flaherty, was a critical and commercial success. It was also the first of several features by Korda that starred the young Indian actor Sabu. Drums (1938), Korda’s first colour feature, was a tale of the British Empire, with Raymond Massey well cast as the evil Prince Ghul. In 1939 Korda made one of his most noteworthy movies, The Four Feathers. Although the story had been filmed twice before, Korda’s epic is widely considered the definitive version of A.E.W. Mason’s novel about a cowardly British officer (John Clements) who redeems himself by almost single-handedly saving his captured colleagues from Sudanese rebel forces.

With World War II on the horizon, Zoltan and Alexander (and their youngest brother, Vincent, a renowned art director) moved to the United States. Zoltan’s first Hollywood film was the children’s classic Jungle Book (1942), an adaptation of Rudyard Kipling’s short-story collection. Sabu was an ideal realization of Mowgli, an Indian boy who is raised by wolves, threatened by the tiger Shere Khan, and protected by the black panther Bagheera. Although the film was a major hit, it was later overshadowed by the 1967 animated Disney feature. Sahara (1943) is probably Korda’s best-known film, a classic World War II adventure that was written by Korda and John Howard Lawson—who would pay for the film’s socialist subtext when tried before the House Un-American Activities Committee a few years later. Humphrey Bogart starred as a tank sergeant who gets cut off with his men behind enemy lines in the Libyan desert and later tricks a Nazi battalion into surrendering.

Counter-Attack (1945) was another war tale, adapted by Lawson from a Soviet play. Paul Muni and Marguerite Chapman portrayed Russians who are trapped with seven Nazi soldiers in the basement of a factory; both groups try to extract information from each other. Though not as effective as Sahara, it was still potent. Korda then directed Gregory Peck in The Macomber Affair (1947), a tense drama about a love triangle that ends in murder. Although a number of changes were made to satisfy censors, it remains one of the better screen adaptations of an Ernest Hemingway story. Also notable is the suspenseful A Woman’s Vengeance (1948), adapted by Aldous Huxley from his story “The Gioconda Smile,” with Charles Boyer as an unfaithful husband on trial for the murder of his wife.

After spending nearly 10 years in Hollywood, Korda returned to England to make Cry, the Beloved Country (1951), from Alan Paton’s novel about racial tension and reconciliation in South Africa. Sidney Poitier, Canada Lee, and Charles Carson were the principals in this tragic and powerful film. Korda’s final picture was Storm over the Nile (1955; codirected with Terence Young), a remake of The Four Feathers; although it recycles footage from the 1939 version, the inclusion of Christopher Lee and Laurence Harvey in the cast helped justify the new version. Korda retired afterward because of an extended illness, and he died six years later.