Fungi, Protists & Viruses, ACE-FRI
Fungi, protists, and viruses may not be the most cuddly of organisms, but they’re no less worth studying for it. Fungi, whose ranks include yeasts, rusts, molds, and mushrooms, are among the most widely distributed organisms on Earth. Protists such as algae and protozoans are microscopic eukaryotic organisms. Viruses are infectious agents of small size and simple composition that can multiply only in living cells of animals, plants, or bacteria.
Fungi, Protists & Viruses Encyclopedia Articles By Title
acervulus, an open, saucer-shaped asexual fruiting body found in fungi (kingdom Fungi). Always developed below......
Acetabularia, genus of single-celled green algae (family Polyphysaceae) found in subtropical seas. The algae are......
Acrasieae, class name for cellular slime molds (division Myxomycophyta). The class contains a single order, Acrasiales,......
actinomyxidian, any parasitic microorganism of the class Actinomyxidia (Actinosporea), phylum Myxosporidia (Myxospora).......
adenovirus, any virus belonging to the family Adenoviridae. This group of viruses was discovered in the 1950s and......
aecium, a cluster-cup or fruiting body of certain rust fungi (phylum Basidiomycota, kingdom Fungi). Yellow to orange......
Agaricales, order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes (phylum Basidiomycota, kingdom Fungi). One of the most diverse......
algae, members of a group of predominantly aquatic photosynthetic organisms of the kingdom Protista. Algae have......
- Introduction
- Photosynthesis, Diversity, Ecology
- Photosynthesis, Aquatic Ecosystems, Biomass
- Toxicity, Pollution, Nutrients
- Photosynthesis, Diversity, Nutrition
- Flagella, Photosynthesis, Microscopy
- Photosynthesis, Pigments, Light
- Nutrient Storage, Photosynthesis, Autotrophs
- Reproduction, Life Cycles, Adaptations
- Evolution, Paleontology, Photosynthesis
- Phycology, Photosynthesis, Taxonomy
amanita, (genus Amanita), genus of several hundred species of mushrooms in the family Amanitaceae. Some species......
amoeba, any of the microscopic unicellular protozoans of the rhizopodan order Amoebida. The well-known type species,......
Aphanomyces, genus of parasitic funguslike organisms in the class Oomycetes (phylum Oomycota, kingdom Chromista).......
apicomplexan, any protozoan of the (typically) spore-producing phylum Apicomplexa, which is called by some authorities......
apostome, any protozoan of the small order Apostomatida (fewer than 50 species). Many are parasitic on marine crustaceans.......
arbovirus, acronym derived from arthropod-borne virus, any of a group of RNA viruses that develop in arthropods......
arenavirus, any virus belonging to the family Arenaviridae. The name of the family is derived from the Latin arenosus,......
Armillaria, genus of about 35 species of parasitic fungi found throughout northern North America and Europe, principally......
J.C. Arthur was an American botanist who discovered basic facts about the parasitic fungi known as rusts. Graduated......
ascocarp, fruiting structure of fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (kingdom Fungi). It arises from vegetative filaments......
Ascomycota, a phylum of fungi (kingdom Fungi) characterized by a saclike structure, the ascus, which contains four......
ascus, a saclike structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores......
asfarvirus, any virus belonging to the family Asfarviridae. This family consists of one genus, Asfivirus, which......
Aspergillus, genus of fungi in the order Eurotiales (phylum Ascomycota, kingdom Fungi) that exists as asexual forms......
astome, any uniformly ciliated protozoan of the order Astomatida, commonly found in annelid worms and other invertebrates.......
Babesia, genus of parasitic protozoans of the sporozoan subclass Coccidia. Babesia species are parasites of vertebrate......
bacteriophage, any of a group of viruses that infect bacteria. Bacteriophages were discovered independently by......
Balantidium, genus of ovoid protozoans of the holotrichous order Trichostomatida. Uniformly covered with longitudinal......
ballistospore, in fungi, a spore forcibly propelled from its site. The basidiospores of the mushrooms, produced......
Heinrich Anton de Bary was a German botanist whose researches into the roles of fungi and other agents in causing......
basidiocarp, in fungi, a large sporophore, or fruiting body, in which sexually produced spores are formed on the......
Basidiomycota, large and diverse phylum of fungi (kingdom Fungi) that includes jelly and shelf fungi; mushrooms,......
basidium, in fungi (kingdom Fungi), the organ in the members of the phylum Basidiomycota (q.v.) that bears sexually......
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, fungus isolated as the cause of amphibian...
Batrachospermum, genus of freshwater red algae (family Batrachospermaceae) ranging in colour from violet to blue-green.......
beard lichen, (genus Usnea), genus of yellow or greenish fruticose (bushy, branched) lichens with long stems and......
Martinus W. Beijerinck Dutch microbiologist and botanist who founded the discipline of virology with his discovery......
Seymour Benzer was an American molecular biologist who developed (1955) a method for determining the detailed structure......
Albert Francis Blakeslee was a prominent American botanist and geneticist who achieved world renown for his research......
Baruch S. Blumberg was an American research physician whose discovery of an antigen that provokes antibody response......
Boletaceae, a family of fungi of the order Boletales (phylum Basidiomycota, kingdom Fungi), in which the fruiting......
Boletales, a diverse order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes (phylum Basidiomycota, kingdom Fungi) that includes......
British soldiers, (Cladonia cristatella), species of lichen with erect hollow branches that end in distinctive......
brown algae, (class Phaeophyceae), class of about 1,500 species of algae in the division Chromophyta, common in......
bunyavirus, any virus belonging to the family Bunyaviridae. Bunyaviruses have enveloped virions (virus particles)......
calicivirus, any virus belonging to the family Caliciviridae. Caliciviruses have nonenveloped virions (virus particles)......
Callophyllis, genus of about 60 species of red algae, the largest group in the family Kallymeniaceae, widely distributed......
candida, any of the pathogenic and parasitic fungi that make up the genus Candida in the order Saccharomycetales,......
Ceratium, genus of single-celled aquatic dinoflagellate algae (family Ceratiaceae) common in fresh water and salt......
chanterelle, Highly prized, fragrant, edible mushroom (Cantharellus cibarius) in the order Cantharellales (phylum......
Charophyceae, class of green algae (division Chlorophyta) commonly found in fresh water. The taxonomy of the group......
chikungunya virus, infectious agent of the genus Alphavirus in the family Togaviridae. The virus causes chikungunya......
Chlamydomonas, genus of biflagellated single-celled green algae (family Chlamydomonadaceae) found in soil, ponds,......
Chlorella, genus of green algae (family Chlorellaceae) found either singly or clustered in fresh or salt water......
chloromonad, any protozoan of the phytoflagellate order Chloromonadida, sometimes considered a member of the algal......
choanoflagellate, any protozoan of the flagellate order Choanoflagellida (sometimes classified in the order Kinetoplastida)......
chonotrich, any small, vase-shaped, sessile (i.e., attached at the base) member of the protozoan order Chonotrichida.......
chrysomonad, any aquatic, algaelike, solitary or colonial protozoa of the phytoflagellate (plantlike) order Chrysomonadida.......
Chytridiomycota, a phylum of fungi (kingdom Fungi) distinguished by having zoospores (motile cells) with a single,......
ciliate, any member of the protozoan phylum Ciliophora, of which there are some 8,000 species; ciliates are generally......
Cladonia, genus of lichens that includes those species commonly known as cup lichen, reindeer moss, and British......
Cladophora, genus of green algae (family Cladophoraceae) found growing attached to rocks or timbers submerged in......
cnidosporidian, any protozoan parasite of the subphylum Cnidospora. The approximately 1,100 known species are characterized......
coccidium, (class Conoidasida), any of a large group of protozoan parasites of the sporozoan type. Coccidia live......
Codium, genus of about 50 species of marine green algae (family Codiaceae) usually found in deep pools along rocky......
Ferdinand Cohn was a German naturalist and botanist known for his studies of algae, bacteria, and fungi. He is......
conidium, a type of asexual reproductive spore of fungi (kingdom Fungi) usually produced at the tip or side of......
coronavirus, any virus belonging to the family Coronaviridae. Coronaviruses have enveloped virions (virus particles)......
Crithidia, genus of zooflagellate protozoan of the order Kinetoplastida. Crithidia is a parasite of invertebrates,......
cryoflora, algae that live in snow and ice. The well-known and widely distributed red snow (q.v.) is caused by......
cryptomonad, (class Cryptophyceae), any of several genera of small biflagellate algae occurring in both fresh and......
cup fungus, any member of a large group of fungi (kingdom Fungi) in the order Pezizales (phylum Ascomycota) and......
cup lichen, any of several lichens of the genus Cladonia), so named for their cuplike growths. They are widely......
cytomegalovirus (CMV), any of several viruses in the herpes family (Herpesviridae), frequently involved in human......
Dactylella, a genus of 30 species of fungi in the order Helotiales (phylum Ascomycota, kingdom Fungi) that exists......
death cap, (Amanita phalloides), species of poisonous mushroom, the deadliest known to humans. The death cap is......
desmid, (order Desmidiales), order of single-celled (sometimes filamentous or colonial) microscopic green algae,......
deuteromycetes, fungi (kingdom Fungi) in which a true sexual state is uncommon or unknown. Many of these fungi......
diatom, (class Bacillariophyceae), any member of the algal class Bacillariophyceae (division Chromophyta), with......
Johann Jakob Dillenius was a botanist who wrote several descriptive works on plants. His Catalogus Plantarum circa......
dinoflagellate, (division Dinoflagellata), any of numerous one-celled aquatic organisms bearing two dissimilar......
diplomonad, any member of the protozoan order Diplomonadida. Diplomonads are small zooflagellates that inhabit......
Bernard Ogilvie Dodge was an American botanist and pioneer researcher on heredity in fungi. After completing high......
dog lichen, (species Peltigera canina), foliose (leafy) lichen usually found in patches 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 inches)......
dulse, (Palmaria palmata), edible red alga (Rhodophyta) found along the rocky northern coasts of the Atlantic and......
ebolavirus, genus of viruses in the family Filoviridae, certain members of which are particularly fatal in humans......
Eimeria, genus of parasitic protozoans of the spore-producing phylum Apicomplexa (previously Sporozoa). Eimeria,......
Endamoeba, protozoan genus of the rhizopodan order Amoebida that inhabits the intestines of invertebrates. It had......
Endothyra, extinct genus of Foraminifera, protozoans with a readily preservable shell; found as fossils in Devonian......
Entamoeba, protozoan genus of the rhizopodian order Amoebida. Most species are parasitic in the intestines of many......
entodiniomorph, any ciliated protozoan of the order Entodiniomorphida. They are harmless parasites in the rumen......
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), virus of the Herpesviridae family that is the major cause of acute infectious mononucleosis,......
Euglena, genus of more than 1,000 species of single-celled flagellated (i.e., having a whiplike appendage) microorganisms......
Eurotiomycetes, class of fungi in the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) within the kingdom Fungi. The members of Eurotiomycetes......
William Gilson Farlow was a mycologist and plant pathologist who pioneered investigations in plant pathology; his......
filovirus, any virus belonging to the family Filoviridae. Filoviruses have enveloped virions (virus particles)......
flagellate, (subphylum Mastigophora), any of a group of protozoans, mostly uninucleate organisms, that possess,......
flavivirus, any virus belonging to the family Flaviviridae. Flaviviruses have enveloped and spherical virions (virus......
fly agaric, (Amanita muscaria), poisonous mushroom in the family Amanitaceae (order Agaricales) found in forests,......
foraminiferan, any unicellular organism of the rhizopodan order Foraminiferida (formerly Foraminifera), characterized......
Heinz L. Fraenkel-Conrat was a German-American biochemist who helped to reveal the complementary roles of the structural......
Elias Fries was a Swedish botanist and the developer of the first system used to classify fungi. Fries received......