Life Cycle, Processes & Properties, GUI-HUR
None of us are born looking exactly the way that we do today; this is because humans, like other species, undergo a series of changes as they mature and age, in accordance with their biological life cycle. This process can look very different across different species. In many simple organisms and in higher animals, the life cycle is completed within a single generation, while in most plants, the life cycle is multigenerational.
Life Cycle, Processes & Properties Encyclopedia Articles By Title
guinea worm disease, infection in humans caused by a parasite known as the guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis).......
Gulf War syndrome, cluster of illnesses in veterans of the Persian Gulf War (1990–91). Gulf War syndrome is characterized......
gum, in anatomy, connective tissue covered with mucous membrane, attached to and surrounding the necks of the teeth......
gumma, soft, granulomatous, tumourlike mass, sometimes appearing during the late stages of syphilis, that occurs......
gynecomastia, enlargement of the breasts in the male, usually because of hormone imbalance. The growth and development......
Ernst Haeckel was a German zoologist and evolutionist who was a strong proponent of Darwinism and who proposed......
hairball, gastrointestinal obstruction occurring in cats and resulting from accumulation of swallowed hair; the......
Albrecht von Haller was a Swiss biologist, the father of experimental physiology, who made prolific contributions......
hallucination, the experience of perceiving objects or events that do not have an external source, such as hearing......
hamartoma, benign tumourlike growth made up of normal mature cells in abnormal number or distribution. While malignant......
hammertoe, deformity of the second, third, or fourth toe in which the toe is bent downward at the middle joint......
hapten, small molecule that stimulates the production of antibody molecules only when conjugated to a larger molecule,......
Hartnup disease, inborn metabolic disorder involving the amino acid tryptophan. Normally, one of the metabolic......
Hashimoto disease, a noninfectious form of inflammation of the thyroid gland (thyroiditis). Hashimoto disease is......
Havana syndrome, claimed medical condition reported among U.S. diplomats and other government employees stationed......
hay fever, seasonally recurrent bouts of sneezing, nasal congestion, and tearing and itching of the eyes caused......
head and neck cancer, any of a group of malignant diseases that originate variously in the oral cavity (including......
headache, pain in various parts of the head. Headaches affect nearly everyone at some time in their life, recurrent......
hearing, in biology, physiological process of perceiving sound. See ear; mechanoreception; perception; sound...
heart attack, death of a section of the myocardium, the muscle of the heart, caused by an interruption of blood......
heart block, lack of synchronization in the contractions of the upper and the lower chambers of the heart—the atria......
heart disease, any disorder of the heart. Examples include coronary heart disease, congenital heart disease, and......
heart failure, general condition in which the heart muscle does not contract and relax effectively, thereby reducing......
heart murmur, condition characterized by prolonged noises made by blood circulating through the heart. A heart......
heart rot, any of several diseases of trees, root crops, and celery. Most trees are susceptible to heart-rotting......
heartworm disease, parasitic disease, predominantly of dogs but also occurring in cats, that is caused by the nematode......
heatstroke, condition caused by continuous exposure to high temperature and humidity for several hours. The term......
heaves, chronic disorder of the lungs of horses and cows, characterized by difficult breathing and wheezy cough.......
heifer, any young, female, domestic bovine that has not produced offspring. At birth, a female calf is often termed......
hematoma, pooling of blood in tissues or spaces outside the blood vessels that results when a vessel is cut or......
hematuria, presence of blood in the urine, an indication of injury or disease of the kidney or some other structure......
hemiplegia, paralysis of the muscles of the lower face, arm, and leg on one side of the body. The most common cause......
hemochromatosis, inborn metabolic defect characterized by an increased absorption of iron, which accumulates in......
hemoglobinopathy, any of a group of disorders caused by the presence of variant hemoglobin in the red blood cells.......
hemophilia, hereditary bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of a substance necessary for blood clotting (coagulation).......
hemorrhage, Escape of blood from blood vessels into surrounding tissue. When a vessel is injured, hemorrhage continues......
hemorrhoid, mass formed by distension of the network of veins under the mucous membrane that lines the anal channel......
hemothorax, collection of a bloody fluid in the pleural cavity, between the membrane lining the thoracic cage and......
hepatitis, inflammation of the liver that results from a variety of causes, both infectious and noninfectious.......
hepatitis B, infectious disease of the liver, the causative agent of which is known as hepatitis B virus (HBV).......
hepatitis C, infectious disease of the liver, the causative agent of which is known as hepatitis C virus (HCV).......
herbivore, animal adapted to subsist solely on plant tissues. The herbivores range from insects (such as aphids)......
herd immunity, state in which a large proportion of a population is able to repel an infectious disease, thereby......
hereditary spherocytosis, congenital blood disorder characterized by an enlarged spleen, spherical (rather than......
hermaphroditism, the condition of having both male and female reproductive organs. Hermaphroditic plants—most flowering......
hernia, protrusion of an organ or tissue from its normal cavity. The protrusion may extend outside the body or......
herniated disk, displacement of part of the rubbery centre, or nucleus, of a cartilaginous disk from between the......
heroin, highly addictive morphine derivative that makes up a large portion of the illicit traffic in narcotics.......
herpangina, mild viral infection with sudden onset that is caused by several types of enteroviruses and seen most......
herpes simplex, infection of either the skin or the genitalia caused by either of two strains of herpes simplex......
herpes zoster, acute viral infection affecting the skin and nerves, characterized by groups of small blisters appearing......
Hers’ disease, hereditary deficiency of the liver enzyme glycogen phosphorylase, which governs the metabolic breakdown......
Oskar Hertwig was a German embryologist and cytologist who was the first to recognize that the fusion of the nuclei......
heterospecific mating, mating in which the man and woman have incompatible blood types, such that the woman may......
hibernation, a state of greatly reduced metabolic activity and lowered body temperature adopted by certain mammals......
hiccup, spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm (the muscular partition separating the chest cavity from the abdominal......
high-risk pregnancy, pregnancy in which the mother, the fetus, or the newborn has an elevated risk of experiencing......
hikikomori, condition in which a person is socially avoidant to the point of staying isolated at home for at least......
hip dysplasia, in dogs, abnormal development of the hip joint on one or both sides of the body, occurring primarily......
hip fracture, in pathology, a break in the proximal (upper) end of the femur. Hip fracture can occur at any age.......
Wilhelm His was a Swiss-born German anatomist and embryologist who created the science of histogenesis, or the......
histogenesis, series of organized, integrated processes by which cells of the primary germ layers of an embryo......
histoplasmosis, infection with the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, occurring in humans and other animals. The disease......
What we know about one of the worst pandemics in human history. Companion, HIV, AIDS, HIV/AIDS, human immunodeficiency......
hives, a hypersensitive skin reaction characterized by the sudden appearance of very itchy, slightly raised, smooth,......
Hodgkin lymphoma, an uncommon cancer of the lymphatic system (malignant lymphoma) that usually strikes young adults......
hog cholera, serious and often fatal viral disease of swine. Characterized by high fever and exhaustion, the disease......
homeostasis, any self-regulating process by which biological systems tend to maintain stability while adjusting......
homocystinuria, hereditary metabolic disorder involving methionine, a sulfur-containing essential amino acid. The......
hookworm disease, parasitic infestation of humans, dogs, or cats caused by bloodsucking worms living in the small......
hormone, organic substance secreted by plants and animals that functions in the regulation of physiological activities......
- Introduction
- Vertebrates, Endocrine, Neuroendocrine
- LH, ICSH, Endocrine
- Thyroid Gland, Metabolism, Hormone Production
- Parathyroid, Calcium, Parathormone
- Glucagon, Pancreas, Regulation
- Reproductive, Endocrine, Glands
- Endocrine Glands, Secretions, Hormone Functions
- Molting, Insects, Juveniles
- Plant Growth, Photosynthesis, Reproduction
- Growth Inhibitors
Some of the oldest living things on our remarkable planet are trees. The record holders are bristlecone pines of......
In the Northern Hemisphere, migratory birds tend to fly south to spend the winter in warmer locales. (Though in......
Chameleons change colour by dispersing or concentrating pigment granules (melanophore cells) in the cells that......
Fireflies light up summer nights using a chemical process known as bioluminescence, the key chemical players of......
Fish primarily breathe through gills, which are specialized organs that extract dissolved oxygen from water. The......
Fish enter a restful state marked by minimal movement and decreased responsiveness. During this time, they maintain......
Frogs have an adaptable respiratory system that allows them to breathe in multiple ways throughout their life cycle......
There are actually a number of different insects known as "glowworms," and they have a variety of mechanisms for......
Horses sleep both standing up and lying down. Most of their sleeping time is spent standing, which is crucial for......
Penguins have a unique feather arrangement and body structure that provides excellent insulation. Their feathers......
Unlike most animals, plants continue to grow throughout their entire life span. Plant growth and plant development......
Snakes have a unique and fascinating way of swallowing prey that is much larger than their own heads and even bodies.......
Spiders are a diverse group of arachnids, with over 46,700 identified species. While not all spiders spin webs,......
October marks the start of cold and flu season in the Northern Hemisphere, where, in 2020, many countries also......
People are mammals, and mammals are warm-blooded creatures, capable of maintaining a relatively constant internal......
Cheetahs are capable of reaching speeds of up to 114 km (71 miles) per hour, making them the fastest land animals.......
Hummingbirds, those tiny marvels of the avian world, can reach speeds greater than 48 km per hour (30 miles per......
Immediately following an injury, the traumatized area becomes red, warm, and painful, and it begins to swell. The......
The influenza pandemic of 1918–19, also called the Spanish flu, lasted between one and two years. The pandemic......
Chicken eggs typically take about 21 days to hatch. This is the time it takes for a fertilized egg to develop into......
There are a number of species of social bees with colonies dependent on a queen. The most ubiquitous and well known......
The process of food digestion typically takes between 24 and 72 hours. The precise length of time is determined......
Spiders typically have eight eyes, although some species may have fewer. The number and arrangement of eyes can......
In 1692 the small Puritan village of Salem, Massachusetts, was plagued by a sudden and brief cloud of witchcraft......
When it comes to mighty bites, sharks are exceptionally powerful. In fact, the great white shark has one of the......
human aging, physiological changes that take place in the human body leading to senescence, the decline of biological......
human development, the process of growth and change that takes place between birth and maturity. Human growth is......
human disease, an impairment of the normal state of a human being that interrupts or modifies its vital functions.......
- Introduction
- Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment
- Metabolism, Control, Regulation
- Immune Response, Pathogens, Prevention
- Signs, Symptoms, Diagnosis
- Causes, Pathogens, Symptoms
- Genetic, Inherited, Congenital
- Chemical Injury, Poisoning, Symptoms
- Injury, Trauma, Prevention
- Autoimmune, Allergies, Infections
- Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi
- Fungi, Parasites, Infections
- Cancer, Causes, Treatment
- Carcinogens, Causes, Prevention
- Malnutrition, Deficiencies, Imbalances
- Psychiatric, Mental, Disorders
- Classifications, Causes, Symptoms
human leukocyte antigen (HLA), any of the numerous antigens (substances capable of stimulating an immune response)......
