
Michael McDonough
Contributor
Michael McDonough was a media team intern at Encyclopaedia Britannica in 2022. He is expected to graduate in 2023 from Northwestern University and is studying journalism, statistics, and psychology. A life-long learner, he seeks to use different types of media as a tool to share the joy of learning.
Primary Contributions (47)
Covariance, measure of the relationship between two random variables on the basis of their joint variability. Covariance primarily indicates the direction of a relationship and can be calculated by finding the expected value of the product of each variable’s deviations from its mean. Although its…
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