Your answer to the question "How are you?" depends on whom you are talking to. But in American culture in general, when people ask "How are you?," we tend to downplay anything bad, and we usually just answer "Fine, thanks," or "Good." Below are some specific answers you can use.
When a good friend asks how you are, and you're feeling sick, you can say things like:
When someone you don't know well asks this question, even if you are feeling sick you are expected NOT to be honest and instead say things like:
Here is an important exception to this rule: When your doctor asks you how you are, be honest!