cryptography

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Introduction References & Edit History Related Topics

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Jade cipher machine

Purple cipher machine

frequency distribution for plaintext and its repeated-key Vigenère cipher

German ADFGVX cipher.

DES flow diagram

Learn about William Friedman, who sought to prove that Sir Francis Bacon wrote Shakespeare's plays

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Navajo Code Talkers Infographic. World War II. United States. Japan.

Navajo Code Talkers Infographic

Text Top Secret typed on retro typewriter

How Secret Is Top Secret?

Discover

Data analysis of the Super Bowl's "winningest" teams, game locations, MVP winners by position, teams with the most game losses. football, sports, infographic

From Sport to Spectacle: The History of the Super Bowl

Young boys working in a thread spinning mill in Macon, Georgia, 1909. Boys are so small they have to climb onto the spinning frame to reach and fix broken threads and put back empty bobbins. Child labor. Industrial revolution

The Rise of the Machines: Pros and Cons of the Industrial Revolution

In this aerial photo, structures are damaged and destroyed October 15, 2005 in Balakot, Pakistan. It is estimated that 90% of the city of Balakot was leveled by the earthquake. The death toll in the 7.6 magnitude earthquake that struck northern Pakistan on October 8, 2005 is believed to be 38,000 with at least 1,300 more dead in Indian Kashmir. SEE CONTENT NOTES.

6 of the World’s Deadliest Natural Disasters

January 21, 2019: Superbowl LIII will be played at Atlanta's Mercedes-Benz Stadium on Sunday, February 3, 2019 against the New England Patriots and the Los Angeles Rams.

What Was the Super Bowl’s First Blockbuster Commercial?

Ice Sledge Hockey, Hockey Canada Cup, USA (left) vs Canada, 2009. UBC Thunderbird Arena, Vancouver, BC, competition site for Olympic ice hockey and Paralympic ice sledge hockey. Vancouver 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games, Vancouver Olympics

10 Best Hockey Players of All Time

Shah Jahan. Taj Mahal. Mughal architecture. Emperor Shah Jahan fifth Mughal Emperor (reigned 1628-1658) India, Himachal Pradesh, Basohli or Jammu and Kashmir, Mankot, circa 1690 Drawings; Opaque watercolor, gold, and ink on paper (see notes)

6 Important Mughal Emperors

African Americans demonstrating for voting rights in front of the White House as police and others watch, March 12, 1965. One sign reads, "We demand the right to vote everywhere." Voting Rights Act, civil rights.

Timeline of the American Civil Rights Movement

cryptography: Related Content

Written and fact-checked by The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Photos and Videos

Jade cipher machine

Purple cipher machine

frequency distribution for plaintext and its repeated-key Vigenère cipher

German ADFGVX cipher.

DES flow diagram

Learn about William Friedman, who sought to prove that Sir Francis Bacon wrote Shakespeare's plays

See All Videos and Images →

Topics

random number generation cryptology

Dig Deeper: More Articles That Discuss This Topic

cryptology: Cryptography

Key People

Michael Oser Rabin

Israeli American mathematician

Ronald L. Rivest

American computer scientist

Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

Chinese American computer scientist

Michael Ventris

British architect and cryptographer

Adi Shamir

Israeli cryptographer

Charles H. Bennett

Charles H. Bennett

American physicist

Leon Battista Alberti

Leon Battista Alberti

Italian architect and author