muscle

Table of Contents

Introduction
General features of muscle and movement
- Diversity of muscle
- Muscles that work skeletons
- Muscle in soft animals
Muscle systems
- Invertebrate muscle systems
  - Cnidarians
  - Multilayered animals
    - Worms
    - Mollusks
    - Arthropods
    - Echinoderms
- Vertebrate muscle systems
  - Major types of vertebrate muscles
  - Basic pattern of development
  - Comparative anatomy
    - Jawless fishes
    - Jawed fishes
    - Origins of the tetrapod limbs
    - Tetrapod musculature
Muscle types
- Primitive contractile systems
  - Cilia and flagella
  - Amoeboid motion
- Striated muscle
  - Whole muscle
  - The muscle fibre
  - The myofibril
  - The myofilament
    - Cross bridges
    - Sliding of filaments
  - Proteins of the myofilaments
    - Myosin
    - Thick filament assembly
    - Thin filament proteins
  - Actin-myosin interaction and its regulation
  - The neuromuscular junction
    - Storage of acetylcholine in the nerve terminal
    - Release of acetylcholine from the nerve terminal
    - Acetylcholine receptors
    - Acetylcholine-acetylcholine receptor interaction
  - Mechanical properties
    - The physical aspects
    - Twitch and tetanus responses
    - Length-tension relationship
    - Load-velocity relation
  - Energy transformations
    - Source of energy for muscle work
    - Energy stores
  - Molecular mechanisms of contraction
- Cardiac muscle
  - Structure and organization
  - The frequency of contraction
  - Excitation/contraction coupling
  - Force and velocity of contraction
  - Response of the heart to stress
- Smooth muscle
  - Structure and organization
  - Initiation of contraction
  - Cross-bridge cycle and ATP breakdown
  - Mechanical properties
  - Smooth muscle in disease states

References & Edit History Related Topics

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striated muscle structure: cutaway view

myofilaments in a striated muscle

myofilaments in obliquely striated muscle

diagram of rigid skeletons worked by muscles

muscles of the human forearm

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Photos and Videos

striated muscle; human biceps muscle

striated muscle structure: cutaway view

myofilaments in a striated muscle

myofilaments in obliquely striated muscle

diagram of rigid skeletons worked by muscles

muscles of the human forearm

changes in body form in wormlike soft-bodied animals

details of a tube foot of a sea urchin

vertebrate musculature

trunk musculature: salmon

The science of creating artificial muscles

What parts of the brain control voluntary and involuntary muscle movements?

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Topics

extraocular muscle proximal muscle biceps femoris adductor magnus muscle levator scapulae muscle adductor longus muscle biceps brachii muscle tone reciprocal innervation muscle contraction nervous system immune system circulatory system respiratory system integument endocrine system mucous membrane gland human ear bone

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