Biographies on This Day in History: April 3
Died On
Shivaji
Indian king
February 19, 1630 or April 1627 - April 3, 1680
Shivaji opposed the Mughal dynasty and founded the Maratha kingdom in 17th-century India. His kingdom’s security was based on religious toleration and on the functional integration of Brahmans, Marathas,...
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Alec Baldwin
American actor
April 3, 1958 -
Alec Baldwin is an American actor of great versatility who is especially known for his portrayal of roguish characters, notably Jack Donaghy on the sitcom 30 Rock (2006–13). Adept at comedy and drama,...
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Jane Goodall
British ethologist
April 3, 1934 -
Jane Goodall is a British ethologist, known for her exceptionally detailed and long-term research on the chimpanzees of Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania. Goodall, who was interested in animal behavior...
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Picabo Street
American skier
April 3, 1971 -
Picabo Street is an American Alpine skier who was one of the most successful downhill skiers of the 1990s. Street earned two World Cup downhill titles (1994–95 and 1995–96), and, noted for her natural...
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Nigel Farage
Brexit Party founder
April 3, 1964 -
Nigel Farage is an English politician who served as a member of the European Parliament from 1999 to 2020. He led the populist libertarian United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) from 2006 to 2009 and...
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Washington Irving
American author
April 3, 1783 - November 28, 1859
Washington Irving was described as the “first American man of letters.” He wrote numerous works but is best known for “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “Rip Van Winkle,” which have been called the first...
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Helmut Kohl
chancellor of Germany
April 3, 1930 - June 16, 2017
Helmut Kohl was a German politician who served as chancellor of West Germany from 1982 to 1990 and of the reunified German nation from 1990 to 1998. He presided over the integration of East Germany into...
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Boss Tweed
American politician
April 3, 1823 - April 12, 1878
Boss Tweed was an American politician who, with his “Tweed ring” cronies, systematically plundered New York City of sums estimated at between $30 million and $200 million. Tweed was a bookkeeper and a...
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Leslie Howard
British actor
April 3, 1893 - June 1, 1943
Leslie Howard was an English actor, producer, and film director whose acting had a quiet, persuasive English charm. After working as a bank clerk, Howard served in World War I, where he was able to strengthen...
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Sarah Vaughan
American singer and pianist
March 27, 1924 - April 3, 1990
Sarah Vaughan was an American jazz vocalist and pianist known for her rich voice, with an unusually wide range, and for the inventiveness and virtuosity of her improvisations. She is regarded as one of...
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Richard Thompson
British musician
April 3, 1949 -
Richard Thompson is an English guitarist, singer, and songwriter who earned critical acclaim with his masterful musicianship and darkly witty lyrics. Thompson’s career began in the late 1960s as a member...
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Kurt Weill
German-American composer
March 2, 1900 - April 3, 1950
Kurt Weill was a German-born American composer who created a revolutionary kind of opera of sharp social satire in collaboration with the writer Bertolt Brecht. Weill studied privately with Albert Bing...
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George Herbert
British poet
April 3, 1593 - March 1, 1633
George Herbert was an English religious poet, a major metaphysical poet, notable for the purity and effectiveness of his choice of words. A younger brother of Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury,...
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Fazlur Khan
American engineer
April 3, 1929 - March 27, 1982
Fazlur Khan was a Bangladeshi American civil engineer known for his innovations in high-rise building construction. He is regarded as the “father of tubular designs” for his contributions. Khan initially...
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Bruno Hauptmann
German-American convict
November 26, 1899 - April 3, 1936
Bruno Hauptmann was a German-born American carpenter and burglar who in 1935 was convicted of kidnapping and murdering the 20-month-old son of Charles and Anne Morrow Lindbergh. Hauptmann attended an elementary...
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Carlos Salinas de Gortari
president of Mexico
April 3, 1948 -
Carlos Salinas de Gortari is an economist and politician who was president of Mexico from 1988 to 1994. The son of a Mexican senator, Salinas joined the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) at age 18...
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Juan T. Trippe
American aviator
June 27, 1899 - April 3, 1981
Juan T. Trippe was an American pioneer in commercial aviation and one of the founders of the company that became Pan American World Airways, Inc. Trippe was the son of a New York banker and broker of English...
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Ron Brown
American politician
August 1, 1941 - April 3, 1996
Ron Brown was an American politician, the first African American to be chairman (1989–93) of a major U.S. political party and the first to be appointed secretary of commerce (1993–96). Brown’s father managed...
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Philip III
king of France
April 3, 1245 - October 5, 1285
Philip III was the king of France (1270–85), in whose reign the power of the monarchy was enlarged and the royal domain extended, though his foreign policy and military ventures were largely unsuccessful....
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Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
Spanish painter
January 1, 1618 - April 3, 1682
Bartolomé Esteban Murillo was the most popular Baroque religious painter of 17th-century Spain, noted for his idealized, sometimes precious manner. Among his chief patrons were the religious orders, especially...
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Henry Luce
American publisher
April 3, 1898 - February 28, 1967
Henry Luce was an American magazine publisher who built a publishing empire on Time, Fortune, and Life magazines, becoming one of the most powerful figures in the history of American journalism. Luce’s...
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Joseph Valachi
American gangster
September 22, 1903 - April 3, 1971
Joseph Valachi was an American gangster, a member of Lucky Luciano’s mob family, who turned informer in 1962. Valachi held a rank in the Mafia equivalent to that of a sergeant, with interests chiefly in...
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John Demjanjuk
Ukrainian-born automobile worker
April 3, 1920 - March 17, 2012
John Demjanjuk was a Ukrainian-born autoworker who was accused of being a Nazi camp guard during World War II. Demjanjuk served in the Soviet army during World War II. In 1942 he was captured by Germany...
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Carter G. Woodson
American historian
December 19, 1875 - April 3, 1950
Carter G. Woodson was an American historian who first opened the long-neglected field of Black studies to scholars and popularized the field in schools and colleges across the United States. He established,...
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Alcide De Gasperi
prime minister of Italy
April 3, 1881 - August 19, 1954
Alcide De Gasperi was a politician and prime minister of Italy (1945–53) who contributed to the material and moral reconstruction of his nation after World War II. From the age of 24 De Gasperi directed...
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Otto Weininger
Austrian philosopher
April 3, 1880 - October 4, 1903
Otto Weininger was an Austrian philosopher whose single work, Geschlecht und Charakter (1903; Sex and Character), served as a sourcebook for anti-Semitic propagandists. The son of a prosperous Jewish artisan,...
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H. Saint John Philby
British explorer
April 3, 1885 - September 30, 1960
H. Saint John Philby was a British explorer and Arabist, the first European to cross the Rubʿ al-Khali, or Empty Quarter, of Arabia from east to west. Philby was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge,...
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George Jessel
American comedian
April 3, 1898 - May 24, 1981
George Jessel was an American comedian, actor, writer, composer, and producer, whose skill as a dinner speaker earned him the honorary title of Toastmaster General of the United States. Jessel began his...
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Ruth Prawer Jhabvala
German-born American author
May 7, 1927 - April 3, 2013
Ruth Prawer Jhabvala was a novelist and screenwriter, well known for her witty and insightful portrayals of contemporary Indian lives and, especially, for her 46 years as a pivotal member of Ismail Merchant...
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Ramnath Goenka
Indian publisher
April 3, 1904 - October 5, 1991
Ramnath Goenka was an Indian newspaper publisher and crusader against government corruption. Goenka was born in northeastern India, schooled in Benares (Varanasi), and sent by his family to Madras (now...
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John Burroughs
American essayist
April 3, 1837 - March 29, 1921
John Burroughs was an American essayist and naturalist who lived and wrote after the manner of Henry David Thoreau, studying and celebrating nature. In his earlier years Burroughs worked as a teacher and...
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Earl Lloyd
American basketball player
April 3, 1928 - February 26, 2015
Earl Lloyd was a basketball player who was the first African American to play in the National Basketball Association (NBA). In the spring of 1950 Lloyd, who played collegiate basketball at West Virginia...
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Arthur I
duke of Brittany
March 29, 1187 - April 3, 1203?
Arthur I was the duke of Brittany, a grandson of King Henry II of England; he was a rival of his uncle John (king of England from 1199) for several French provinces, both in his own interest and in that...
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Sir James Clark Ross
British explorer
April 15, 1800 - April 3, 1862
Sir James Clark Ross was a British naval officer who carried out important magnetic surveys in the Arctic and Antarctic and discovered the Ross Sea and the Victoria Land region of Antarctica. Between 1819...
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Leo Kanner
Austrian-American psychiatrist
June 13, 1894 - April 3, 1981
Leo Kanner was an Austrian American psychiatrist referred to as the “father of child psychiatry” in the United States. He is considered to be one of the most influential American clinical psychiatrists...
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Henry van de Velde
Belgian architect
April 3, 1863 - October 25, 1957
Henry van de Velde was a Belgian architect and teacher who ranks with his compatriot Victor Horta as an originator of the Art Nouveau style, characterized by long sinuous lines derived from naturalistic...
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Homma Masaharu
Japanese general
November 27, 1887 - April 3, 1946
Homma Masaharu was a Japanese army general and commander of the Japanese invasion force of the Philippine Islands in World War II. Homma was a graduate of the Military Academy of the Japanese Imperial...
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Allan Dwan
American director
April 3, 1885 - December 28, 1981
Allan Dwan was an American director with more than 400 known feature films and short productions to his credit. Along with the more-celebrated Cecil B. DeMille, Dwan was one of the few directors who made...
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Charles Wilkes
American explorer and naval officer
April 3, 1798 - February 8, 1877
Charles Wilkes was a U.S. naval officer who explored the region of Antarctica named for him. Wilkes entered the navy as a midshipman in 1818, became a lieutenant in 1826, and in 1830 was placed in charge...
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Eddie Robinson
American educator and coach
February 13, 1919 - April 3, 2007
Eddie Robinson was an American collegiate football coach, who set a record (later surpassed) for most career wins (408). He spent his entire head-coach career at Grambling State University in Louisiana....
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Thomas Dixon
American writer
January 11, 1864 - April 3, 1946
Thomas Dixon was a U.S. novelist, dramatist, and legislator who vigorously propagated ideas of white supremacy. He is chiefly remembered for his novel The Clansman (1905), which presented a sympathetic...
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Camille Chamoun
president of Lebanon
April 3, 1900 - August 7, 1987
Camille Chamoun was a political leader who served as president of Lebanon in 1952–58. Chamoun spent his early political years as a member of a political faction known as the Constitutional Bloc, a predominantly...
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Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco
Italian composer
April 3, 1895 - March 15, 1968
Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco was an Italian-born composer in the Neoromantic style. Castelnuovo-Tedesco studied under Ildebrando Pizzetti and became widely known during the 1920s. In 1939 Benito Mussolini’s...
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Kishori Amonkar
Indian vocalist
April 10, 1932 - April 3, 2017
Kishori Amonkar was an Indian classical vocalist, recognized as one of the foremost singers in the Hindustani tradition and as an innovative exponent of the Jaipur gharana (community of musicians sharing...
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Ferde Grofé
American composer
March 27, 1892 - April 3, 1972
Ferde Grofé was an American composer and arranger known for his orchestral works as well as for his pioneering role in establishing the sound of big band dance music. Grofé was reared in Los Angeles, where...
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Sir Peter Pears
English singer
June 22, 1910 - April 3, 1986
Sir Peter Pears was a British tenor, a singer of outstanding skill and subtlety who was closely associated with the works of Sir Benjamin Britten. He received a knighthood in 1977. Pears studied at the...
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J.B.M. Hertzog
prime minister of South Africa
April 3, 1866 - November 21, 1942
J.B.M. Hertzog was a soldier and statesman who held the post of prime minister of the Union of South Africa (see South Africa) from 1924 to 1939. His political principles, as first stated in his speeches...
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Ralph A. Bagnold
British geologist
April 3, 1896 - May 28, 1990
Ralph A. Bagnold was an English geologist who was a leading authority on the mechanics of sediment transport and on eolian (wind-effect) processes. Educated at the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, Bagnold...
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Franz Berwald
Swedish composer
July 23, 1796 - April 3, 1868
Franz Berwald was the most important Swedish composer of the 19th century. Born into a renowned family of musicians, Berwald studied violin with his father and composition with J.B.E. Du Puy. After playing...
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Edward Everett Hale
American clergyman and writer
April 3, 1822 - June 10, 1909
Edward Everett Hale was an American clergyman and author best remembered for his short story “The Man Without a Country.” A grandnephew of the Revolutionary hero Nathan Hale and a nephew of Edward Everett,...