Chișinău
- Formerly:
- Kishinyov
- Also spelled:
- Kishinev or Kišin’ov
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Chișinău, city and capital of Moldova (Moldavia). It is situated along the Bâcu (Byk) River, in the south-central part of the country.
The first documentary reference to Chișinău dates to 1466, when it was under the rule of the Moldavian prince Ștefan III. After Ștefan’s death the city fell under the control of the Ottoman Turks. Gradually Chișinău’s trading importance increased, though the city suffered severe destruction in the Russo-Turkish War of 1788. In 1812 Chișinău was ceded to Russia with the rest of Bessarabia. It then became known by its Russian name, Kishinyov.
By the late 19th century the city had become home to a large Jewish population, but simmering anti-Semitism within the Russian Empire manifested in brutal pogroms in 1903 and 1905. The bloodshed in Kishinyov was immortalized in verse by Hebrew poet Haim Naḥman Bialik. Following World War I, the city was included in Romania as Chișinău, but it was ceded with the rest of Bessarabia back to the Soviet Union in 1940 and became the capital of the newly formed Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic. Heavy damage was inflicted on the city in World War II, but after the war Kishinyov was rebuilt. Newer parts of the city lie on terraces along the Bâcu; parts of the old town, however, are still subject to flooding. With the collapse of Soviet authority in Moldavia in 1991, the Romanian-language version of the city’s name once more came into official use.
Chișinău is the major industrial centre of Moldova and is especially important for light engineering and the manufacture of measuring equipment, machine tools, tractors, pumps, refrigerators, washing machines, and insulated wiring. Wine making, flour milling, and tobacco processing are notable among the city’s agriculture-related industries. There are also clothing and footwear factories. The city is the cultural centre of Moldova, with an academy of sciences, a university (1945), other institutions of higher education, and several scientific research establishments. Pop. (2004) 598,000; (2014 est.) 674,500.