Cuyahoga River
Cuyahoga River, river in northeastern Ohio, U.S., rising 15 miles (24 km) south of Lake Erie and 35 miles (56 km) east of Cleveland. It flows southwestward to the city of Cuyahoga Falls (where its falls were eliminated by a series of dams) on the northern edge of Akron; there it drops into a large, deep valley and turns sharply northward. Upon reaching the lake plain about 6 miles (10 km) from its mouth, it continues as a sharply meandering stream, entrenched to a depth of 60–125 feet (18–38 metres), before emptying into Lake Erie at Cleveland, where its mouth forms part of Cleveland’s harbour.
Some meanders have been widened so that the river is navigable for lake freighters to about 5 miles (8 km) upstream, though guiding of the big boats through some of the turns requires skillful piloting. The total length of the river is about 80 miles (130 km). The Cuyahoga receives the Little Cuyahoga River near Akron. Its name is Iroquoian, possibly meaning “crooked water” or “place of the jawbone.”
With the opening of the Cleveland-to-Akron section of the Ohio and Erie Canal in 1827 (closed 1913), the Cuyahoga region became a centre of commercial transportation. It subsequently became highly industrialized, steelmaking taking centre stage, and by the mid-20th century the lower reaches of the Cuyahoga River had become one of the most severely polluted rivers in the United States; national attention was focused on the Cuyahoga’s condition when, on June 22, 1969, an oil slick floating on the river surface caught fire, damaging two railroad bridges before it was brought under control (an event memorialized in singer-songwriter Randy Newman’s “Burn On”; the river is also referenced in R.E.M.’s “Cuyahoga”). By the late 1970s, antipollution measures had substantially improved the condition of the river.
Cuyahoga Valley National Park covers 51 square miles (132 square km) of river valley between the urban areas of Akron and Cleveland. Encompassing a region of forests, wetlands, canals, and the 60-foot (18-metre) Brandywine Falls, it was established as a national recreation area in 1974 and redesignated a national park in 2000. Animal life in the park includes white-tailed deer, raccoons, red foxes, beavers, opossums, snapping turtles, and a wide variety of birds. Common trees include beech, maple, oak, plane tree, tulip tree, dogwood, and white ash. The park has more than 125 miles (200 km) of hiking trails, including the Ohio and Erie Canal Towpath Trail, which follows the route of the former canal. The Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railroad offers tours of the park along the 1880 railroad route. The park is home to several historic sites, including the Frazee House (1825–26), the Boston Store (1836; now a boatbuilding museum), and Hale Farm and Village, an outdoor museum featuring historic 1848 buildings and craft demonstrations. Historical exhibits and demonstrations of lock operations can be seen at the Canal Visitor Center.