Dali

Dali, historical town, west-central Yunnan sheng (province), southwestern China. It is situated in a fertile basin on the west side of Lake Er; since 1983 historical Dali has been administered as a town under the city also called Dali (formerly Xiaguan), which lies 10 miles (16 km) southeast of the original Dali, at the southern tip of the lake.

Dali was the traditional political and commercial centre of Yunnan, being located on the major trade route to Myanmar (Burma) and northern India. The area, which was known to the Chinese under the name Kunming, was originally occupied by local tribes and from the 1st century bce onward was the site of an outpost of the Chinese government. In the 6th century the Chinese lost what little control they had had in the area. After 738 a powerful state, Nanzhao, emerged in Yunnan and established a city there called Dali. In the early 9th century this became the capital of the Nanzhao state and subsequently (937) of the Dali kingdom, which succeeded the state in its control of Yunnan. A successor state, Houli, lasted from 1094 until the Yuan (Mongol) conquest of the area in 1253.

The Mongols, however, transferred the political capital of their new province of Yunnan to Kunming, farther to the east. Much of the town was rebuilt during the early Ming dynasty (1368–1644), beginning about 1382. However, by the mid-20th century Dali had lost its commercial importance to Xiaguan (renamed Dali in 1983) and, prior to its incorporation into the latter entity, had declined to minor importance. Its many historical and cultural sites have transformed historical Dali into a major tourist destination.