Danville, city, seat of Boyle county, central Kentucky, U.S., in the Bluegrass region, 36 miles (58 km) southwest of Lexington. Located along the Old Wilderness Road, it was settled in about 1775 and named for Walker Daniel, who purchased the deed for the site (1784). It was capital of the Kentucky District of Virginia from 1785 until Kentucky became a state in 1792. Constitution Square (site of 10 conventions that drafted the first state constitution) is preserved as a state shrine. The house where Dr. Ephraim McDowell performed the first successful ovariotomy (1809) has been restored by the Kentucky State Medical Association.

Danville is the seat of Centre College (1819) and of the Kentucky School for the Deaf (1823). It serves as a market for burley tobacco, livestock, and horses. Printing is an important component of the economy; manufactures include appliances, furniture, and shoes. Herrington Lake, impounded on the Dix River, lies 5 miles (8 km) to the northeast. Perryville Battlefield State Historic Site, scene of Kentucky’s bloodiest battle (October 8, 1862) of the American Civil War, is located 10 miles (16 km) west of the city. Inc. town, 1789; city, 1836. Pop. (2000) 15,477; (2010) 16,218.