Ereğli

Ereğli, town, northern Turkey. It is situated on the Black Sea coast about 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Zonguldak.

The town was founded about 560 bce as Heraclea Pontica by a colony of Megarians who soon subjected the native Mariandynians and extended their control over most of the coast. In 74 bce it sided with the Pontic king Mithradates VI Eupator against the Romans, who captured and burned the town. Although rebuilt by the Romans, Heraclea Pontica did not recover its former prosperity. It was taken by the Turks about 1360 ce, and it developed as a trading centre of the Genoese, who settled there in large numbers. A ruined citadel on a height overlooking the town is a remnant of that period. In the vicinity of Ereğli are three grottoes mentioned by Xenophon; through one of them, according to legend, Hercules descended into Hades to bring out Cerberus, the monstrous three-headed watchdog of the lower world.

Ereğli basin lies in the richest coal-mining area of Turkey; some of the high-grade coal is exported through the town’s port. Since 1965 it has also been home to one of Turkey’s largest integrated iron and steel mills and has become a centre of heavy industry. The town has one of the country’s largest shipbuilding facilities. Ereğli is linked by road with Zonguldak and by ship with Istanbul to the west. Pop. (2000) 79,486; (2013 est.) 102,828.