Granada
Granada, city, capital of Granada provincia (province) in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southern Spain. It lies along the Genil River at the northwestern slope of the Sierra Nevada, 2,260 feet (689 metres) above sea level. The Darro River, much reduced by irrigation works along its lower course, flows for about a mile into the city from the east before turning sharply southward to join the Genil. It is canalized and covered along much of its course through the city.
The city’s name may have been derived either from the Spanish granada (“pomegranate”), a locally abundant fruit that appears on the city’s coat of arms, or from its Moorish name, Karnattah (Gharnāṭah), possibly meaning “hill of strangers.” Granada was the site of an Iberian settlement, Elibyrge, in the 5th century bce and of the Roman Illiberis. As the seat of the Moorish kingdom of Granada, it was the final stronghold of the Moors in Spain, falling to the Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II and Isabella I in January 1492.
One of Spain’s most frequently visited tourist centres, Granada contains many notable architectural and artistic monuments. The city is the see of an archbishop, and it is dotted with fine Renaissance, Baroque, and Neoclassical churches, convents, monasteries, hospitals, palaces, and mansions. At the centre of the city stands the Gothic Cathedral of Santa María de la Encarnación (1523–1703), containing the Royal Chapel (Capilla Real) with the tomb of Ferdinand and Isabella and a display of heraldic decoration. The cathedral is profusely ornamented with jasper and coloured marble, and its interior contains many fine paintings and sculptures by Alonso Cano. The Cartuja, or Carthusian monastery (1516), stands in the north of the city. Near the restored monastery of San Jerónimo (1492) is the University of Granada, which was founded in 1526 and received its charter in 1531; it is now housed in a former Jesuit college. Statues of Christopher Columbus and Queen Isabella by Mariano Benlliure adorn the Monument of the Agreements.
In the northeast of the city is the Albaicín (Albayzin) quarter, the oldest section of Granada, with its narrow cobbled streets and cármenes (Moorish-style houses). Albaicín is bounded to the south by the Darro River, and on the other side of the river is the hill upon which stands the famous Moorish palace the Alhambra, as well as the Alcazaba—the fortress that guarded it—and the Generalife, which was the summer palace of the Moorish sultans. Nearby is the 16th-century palace of Emperor Charles V. Other notable Moorish antiquities are the 13th-century villa known as the Cuarto Real de Santo Domingo and the Alcázar, which was built in the 14th century as a palace for Moorish queens. The Alhambra and the Generalife were collectively designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1984; the Albaicín was added in 1994.
South of the city centre is the administrative and commercial section of Granada, and to the west is the modern residential sector. Granada has an active trade in agricultural produce, and its manufactures include liqueurs, soap, paper, coarse linen and woolen fabrics, metals, and machine parts. The city is the venue of an international festival of music and dance. Spanish poet and playwright Federico García Lorca was executed by a Nationalist firing squad near Granada shortly after the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. Pop. (2013 est.) 237,818.