Harrisburg

Pennsylvania, United States
Also known as: Harris’ Ferry, Louisbourg

Harrisburg, capital (1812) of Pennsylvania, U.S., and seat (1785) of Dauphin county, on the east bank of the Susquehanna River, 105 miles (169 km) west of Philadelphia. It is the hub of an urbanized area that includes Steelton, Paxtang, Penbrook, Colonial Park, Linglestown, Hershey, and Middletown (in Dauphin county) and Camp Hill, Lemoyne, New Cumberland, Mechanicsburg, West Fairview, and Enola (in Cumberland county).

After receiving a license (1705) to trade with the Susquehannock (Susquehanna) Indians, John Harris, an Englishman, established (c. 1718) a trading post and ferry service. The settlement, known as Harris’ Ferry, was called Louisbourg in honour of Louis XVI of France when it was laid out in 1785 by William Maclay for John Harris, Jr. The name Harrisburg, however, was used on the borough and city charters of 1791 and 1860. Harrisburg was the scene of the National Tariff Convention of 1827 and the first national Whig convention in 1839, which nominated William Henry Harrison for U.S. president. It developed as a transportation centre after the opening of the Pennsylvania Canal in 1834, the arrival of the first railroad train (1836), and the completion (1847) of the Pennsylvania Railroad’s main line from Harrisburg to Pittsburgh. An American Civil War skirmish was fought at Camp Hill, 3 miles (5 km) southwest, in June 1863.

The city has continued as a transportation hub, and government employment and industrial development—in particular the manufacture of electronic and electrical interconnection devices—have added to its economic diversification. The Defense Distribution Region East (formerly New Cumberland Army Depot), the Naval Inventory Control Point (formerly U.S. Naval Supply Depot) near Mechanicsburg, and the U.S. Army War College at Carlisle are nearby. Educational and research institutions include the Harrisburg Area Community College (1964), the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center (site of Pennsylvania State University’s College of Medicine) in Hershey, and the Harrisburg upper-division college of Pennsylvania State University (Penn State Harrisburg), which is located in nearby Middletown. The Capitol, with a 272-foot (83-metre) dome patterned after St. Peter’s in Rome, was completed in 1906 to replace the first capitol, which was destroyed by fire in 1897. The State Museum of Pennsylvania is among the group of buildings (including the capitol) occupying a 68-acre (28-hectare) downtown park. The remodeled John Harris/Simon Cameron Mansion (1766) is now the headquarters of the Dauphin County Historical Society. Paddle wheeler cruises are offered on the Susquehanna River, and the city has a symphony orchestra. Pop. (2000) 48,950; Harrisburg-Carlisle Metro Area, 509,074; (2010) 49,528; Harrisburg-Carlisle Metro Area, 549,475.

Tower Bridge over the Thames River in London, England. Opened in 1894. Remains an Important Traffic Route with 40,000 Crossings Every Day.
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The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by Michele Metych.

Susquehanna River, one of the longest rivers of the Eastern Seaboard of the United States. It rises in Otsego Lake, central New York state, and winds through the Appalachian Plateau in New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland before flowing into the head of Chesapeake Bay at Havre de Grace, Maryland. About 444 miles (715 km) long, the river and its tributaries (which include the Chemung, Lackawanna, West Branch of the Susquehanna, and Juniata rivers) drain an area of 27,570 square miles (71,410 square km). Though the river itself never served as an important waterway because of rapids and other obstructions, its valley was significant as a land route to the Ohio River system and later as a focus of coal mining. The Susquehanna is the potential source of waterpower in the eastern United States; hydroelectric power plants have been built at Holtwood, York Haven, and Safe Harbor, Pennsylvania, and Conowingo, Maryland. Main riverine cities include Binghamton, New York, and Wilkes-Barre, Scranton (on the Lackawanna), Williamsport (on the West Branch), and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia BritannicaThis article was most recently revised and updated by Jeff Wallenfeldt.