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Holy Roman Empire
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Holy Roman Empire in 800 orb of the Holy Roman Empire Christianity in the Middle Ages routes of barbarian invasions of Europe Donation of Constantine Charlemagne and Leo III
Charlemagne: His influence on religion and politics
Louis the Pious Arnulf plaque with Christ receiving Magdeburg Cathedral from Emperor Otto I
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Holy Roman Empire summary
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"Napoleon Crossing the Alps" oil on canvas by Jacques-Louis David, 1800; in the collection of Musee national du chateau de Malmaison.
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Holy Roman Empire: Media

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Videos

Charlemagne: His influence on religion and politics
Overview of Charlemagne's reign, including his conquest of the Saxons.
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail © Jorisvo/Dreamstime.com
The origin of the expression walk to Canossa
Learn about the power struggle between Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV of Germany,...
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz

Images

Holy Roman Empire in 800
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
orb of the Holy Roman Empire
Orb of the Holy Roman Empire, 12th century; in the Hofburg treasury, Vienna.
Erich Lessing/Magnum
routes of barbarian invasions of Europe
Map of routes taken by Germanic peoples across Europe during the so-called barbarian...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Donation of Constantine
Fresco showing Sylvester (left) receiving the purported donation from Constantine...
Charlemagne and Leo III
Pope Leo III crowning Charlemagne emperor, December 25, 800.
SuperStock
Louis the Pious
Louis the Pious as a Christian Roman Emperor, portrait from De laudibus sanctae...
©Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Reg. lat. 124, folio 4v
Arnulf
Arnulf, seal, 9th century; in the Bavarian National Museum, Munich.
Courtesy of the Bayerisches National Museum, Munich; photograph, Foto Marburg
plaque with Christ receiving Magdeburg Cathedral from Emperor Otto I
Otto I (left) offering a model of Magdeburg Cathedral to Christ, ivory plaque, c....
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, gift of George Blumenthal, 1941, (41.100.157), www.metmuseum.org
Schism of 1054
Map showing the effect of the East-West Schism of 1054.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc./Kenny Chmielewski
Gregory VII excommunicating clergymen
Gregory VII laying a ban of excommunication on the clergy loyal to King Henry IV,...
Leonard von Matt/Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Frederick II
Frederick II, bust, c. 13th century; in the collection of the Museo Provinciale Campano,...
Gianni Dagli Orti/Shutterstock.com
Holy Roman Empire in the 16th century
Map of the Holy Roman Empire in the 16th century.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Europe after the Thirty Years' War, 1648
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire
Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire, 10th century; in the treasury of Hofburg...
Erich Lessing/Magnum
Frederick II
Frederick II with a falcon, miniature from his treatise De arte venandi cum avibus;...
Courtesy of the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Rome
Charlemagne and Leo III
Pope Leo III crowning Charlemagne emperor, miniature in the Grandes Chroniques...
Courtesy of the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris

Interactives

Christianity in the Middle Ages
Christianity spread throughout Europe and the Mediterranean area during the Middle...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc./Kenny Chmielewski
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