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Kaluga
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Kaluga: Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics
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Kaluga: Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics
Kaluga: Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics The Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics, Kaluga, Russia.

Kaluga

Russia
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News •

Ukraine drone attacks spark fires in Russia's Bryansk, Kaluga regions • Nov. 14, 2024, 3:27 AM ET (Voice of America)
Ukraine drone attacks spark fire in Russia's Bryansk, Kaluga regions • Nov. 10, 2024, 3:24 AM ET (Reuters)

Kaluga, city and administrative centre of Kaluga oblast (region), western Russia, west of Moscow on the Oka River. Founded in the 14th century as a stronghold against the Tatars on the southern borders of Muscovy, it later became a seat of provincial administration. In the early 17th century it was devastated by Cossacks, plague, and fire, and in the winter of 1941 it was held by the Germans. It has a wide range of industries, producing turbines, railway equipment, and consumer goods. The city is on the Vyazma–Tula railway near its junction with the Moscow–Kiev line. Pop. (2006 est.) 329,064.

This article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen.