Karlskrona, town and port, capital of the län (county) of Blekinge, southern Sweden, on the Baltic coast. Founded by Charles XI in 1680 as a Baltic base, it has been Sweden’s chief naval base ever since. Karlskrona was carefully planned as a city that would reflect Sweden’s grandeur, and it remains an outstanding example of town planning in the Renaissance style. Among the notable buildings from the 17th and 18th centuries is the Admiralty Church (1685), the town’s oldest building and the largest wooden church in Sweden. Karlskrona grew rapidly, and in the mid-18th century it became Sweden’s second largest city. Following a fire in 1790, it experienced economic stagnation and never regained its previous prominence. The fishing harbour is among the largest in Sweden. Other industries include shipbuilding and telecommunications. Blekinge Institute of Technology has a campus in Karlskrona. Pop. (2005 est.) mun., 61,383.