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Third Reich
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German troops Third Reich; Nürnberg Rally inflation in the Weimar Republic Erich Ludendorff at a Nazi assembly
What led to the fall of Germany's Weimar Republic?
Brüning, Heinrich Paul von Hindenburg The rise of the Third Reich
How did Joseph Goebbels's use of propaganda and terror aid Adolf Hitler's campaign for chancellor?
Werner von Blomberg inspecting troops
For Students
Third Reich summary
Quizzes
D-Day. American soldiers fire rifles, throw grenades and wade ashore on Omaha Beach next to a German bunker during D Day landing. 1 of 5 Allied beachheads est. in Normandy, France. The Normandy Invasion of World War II launched June 6, 1944.
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Nazi Germany, Nazi SS troops marching with victory standards at the Party Day rally in Nuremberg, Germany, 1933. (Schutzstaffel, Nazi Party, Nurnberg)
Why Was Nazi Germany Called the Third Reich?
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Third Reich: Media

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Videos

What led to the fall of Germany's Weimar Republic?
Overview of the Weimar Republic's demise.
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe, Hamburg; © Vasile Bobirnac/Dreamstime.com; © Alfredo Garcia Saz/Dreamstime.com
How did Joseph Goebbels's use of propaganda and terror aid Adolf Hitler's campaign for chancellor?
Learn about how Joseph Goebbels's use of propaganda and terror aided Adolf Hitler's...
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail © Satori13/Dreamstime.com
How did Hitler seize power in Germany?
Overview of Adolf Hitler's rise to power.
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail © Romannerud/Dreamstime.com
The mystery behind the Reichstag fire
An investigation into who caused the Reichstag fire.
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Rise of Hitler and Nazi terror tactics
Learn how Adolf Hitler secured dictatorial power in Germany.
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail © Romannerud/Dreamstime.com
How did Adolf Hitler speak at the 1934 Nürnberg Rally?
Learn about Adolf Hitler's public speaking style by listening to him delivering the...
Video: Public Domain
The 1936 Berlin Olympics and Nazi propaganda
Overview of the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games, including Nazi propaganda and the performance...
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz
Youth in Hitler's Reich: The abuse of a generation
Overview of the Hitler Youth.
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz
The Role of women in Hitler's Third Reich
Learn about the role of women in Nazi Germany.
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-1994-040-15A (CC BY-SA 3.0)
How Hitler systematically discriminated against Jews
Overview of the discrimination and exclusion of Jews in Germany following Adolf Hitler's...
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail © Peewam/Dreamstime.com
The horror of Auschwitz: A journey through history
Overview of the Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp, located in a part...
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail Dinos Michail-iStock Editorial/Getty Images
Learn how the nonaggression pact between the Third Reich and the Soviet Union sealed Poland's fate before World War II
Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov, having negotiated the German-Soviet Nonaggression...
Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
German invasion of Poland: Start of World War II
Overview of the German invasion of Poland (1939), which marked the beginning of World...
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
What was the Battle of Britain?
Learn about the Battle of Britain, between Britain's Royal Air Force and Germany's...
Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Bombings in World War II: The first war decided from the air
Overview of aerial bombardment in Europe during World War II, with a detailed discussion...
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail © Maximn/Dreamstime.com
Operation Barbarossa: Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union
Nazi Germany invading the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa, June 22, 1941.
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail NARA/U.S. Department of Defense
Why did the German-led invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 fall short?
Learn about Operation Barbarossa, the German-led invasion of the Soviet Union that...
Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Learn how the Third Reich utilized U-boats in the Battle of the Atlantic to destroy Allied supply convoys
In 1941 convoys bound for Britain from the United States face a perilous crossing,...
Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Forced labor in Nazi Germany during World War II
Discussion of the Nazi use of forced labourers from occupied territories to supply...
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
Learn about the Jewish partisan and their activities during World War II
An overview of Jewish partisan activities during World War II.
Video: Jewish Partisan Education Foundation (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
White Rose resistance against Nazi dictatorship
Overview of the White Rose.
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail © Sirithana Tiranardvanich/Dreamstime.com
Allied bombings of Germany during World War II
Allied strategic bombing over Germany escalating in 1943.
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Photograph Collection, Library of Congress, Washington D.C.
History and role of the SS in Nazi Germany
Learn about the role of the SS, headed by Heinrich Himmler, in Adolf Hitler's reign...
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail Camera Press/Globe Photos; © Romannerud/Dreamstime.com
July Plot: A failed attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler
Learn about the July Plot of 1944, in which Claus, Count Schenk von Stauffenberg,...
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-1972-025-10 (CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fate of Hitler's Home Guard
With German military losses mounting, Adolf Hitler ordered all able-bodied men between...
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-J31391 (CC BY-SA 3.0)
Hitler's final days in Berlin, April 1945
As Soviet troops entered Berlin and the Battle of Berlin raged on, Adolf Hitler committed...
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail © Romannerud/Dreamstime.com; German Federal Archives (Bundesarchiv), Bild 183-18483-0001
Adolf Hitler's death and its impact on Nazi Germany
War in Europe ending with Germany's unconditional surrender, May 1945.
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail Department of Defense/National Archives, Washington, D.C.; Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Images

German troops
A Nazi Party rally at Nürnberg, Germany, in 1933.
© Everett Historical/Shutterstock.com
Third Reich; Nürnberg Rally
Adolf Hitler addressing the Nürnberg Rally in 1938.
© Everett Historical/Shutterstock.com
inflation in the Weimar Republic
Woman in Germany burning marks because the money was worth less than conventional...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Erich Ludendorff at a Nazi assembly
Erich Ludendorff (second from left) reviewing an assembly of Nazis, Weimar, Germany,...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Brüning, Heinrich
Heinrich Brüning, 1930.
German Federal Archives (Bundesarchiv), Bild 119-2600; photograph, o.Ang.
Paul von Hindenburg
Paul von Hindenburg.
Culver Pictures
The rise of the Third Reich
Adolf Hitler in 1932, shortly before he became chancellor of Germany.
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Werner von Blomberg inspecting troops
German minister of defense Gen. Werner von Blomberg (right foreground, saluting)...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Hermann Göring
Hermann Göring as commander of the SA (Storm Troopers), 1933.
Heinrich Hoffmann, Munich
Third Reich
Adolf Hitler addressing a rally in Germany, c. 1933.
dpa dena/picture-alliance/dpa/AP Images
Reichstag fire
Burning of the Reichstag building in Berlin, February 1933.
National Archives, Washington, D.C. (ARC Identifier: 535790)
Marinus van der Lubbe on trial for the Reichstag fire
Marinus van der Lubbe (centre, with head lowered), a Dutchman charged with setting...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Third Reich; Nazi Party
Nazis marching under a banner that reads “Tod dem Marxismus” (“Death to Marxism”).
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Joseph Goebbels
Joseph Goebbels, c. 1935.
Interfoto/Friedrich Rauch, Munich
Ernst Röhm
Ernst Röhm (right) with SS leaders Kurt Daluege (left) and Heinrich Himmler (centre),...
German Federal Archives (Bundesarchiv), Bild 102-14886; photograph, o.Ang.
Heinrich Himmler and Adolf Hitler
Heinrich Himmler (left) and Adolf Hitler reviewing an assembly of Hitler's personal...
Pictorial Press Ltd/Alamy
newspaper coverage of the Night of the Long Knives
Article about the Night of the Long Knives on the front page of the Pennsylvanian...
Timothy Hughes Rare and Early Newspapers
children in a Nazi-era parade
Children marching in a Tradesmen Day parade, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, June 16,...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Hitler Youth at a Nazi monument
Hitler Youth gathering at an SA (Storm Troopers) monument in Königsberg, East Prussia...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Martin Niemöller
Martin Niemöller.
Bavaria-Verlag
Nazi-era passport of a German Jew
Cover page of a German passport stamped with the letter J (for Jüdin),...
© United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
SA troops
SA troops locking hands to prevent Jews from entering the University of Vienna.
© National Archives/United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
Jewish children being deported to Chelmno
Jewish children being deported from the Łódź ghetto, Poland, to the Chelmno death...
© Jacob Igra—United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
Buchenwald concentration camp prisoners
Prisoners of Buchenwald concentration camp, near Weimar, Germany, April 16, 1945—days...
National Archives, Washington, D.C.
Adolf Hitler reviewing German forces at Nürnberg
Adolf Hitler (on dais, saluting) reviewing German forces at Nürnberg, Germany, December...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Hjalmar Schacht
Hjalmar Schacht, 1958.
Archiv für Kunst und Geschichte, Berlin
Joachim von Ribbentrop
Joachim von Ribbentrop.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Third Reich
Members of the Hitler Youth spelling “Saar,” one of Adolf Hitler's first territorial...
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
German-American Bund; Nazi Party
A rally by the German-American Bund held in Madison Square Garden, New York City,...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini
Adolf Hitler (right) with Benito Mussolini.
Photos.com/Thinkstock
Adolph Hitler
Adolf Hitler (center) and Nazi officials parading through Vienna during the German...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Munich Agreement
German Chancellor Adolf Hitler (left) and British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain...
Photos.com/Jupiterimages
Munich Agreement: Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, and Neville Chamberlain
(From left) Italian leader Benito Mussolini, German Chancellor Adolf Hitler, a German...
German Federal Archives (Bundesarchiv), Bild 146-1970-052-24
Joseph Goebbels addressing a Nazi rally
Joseph Goebbels addressing a Nazi rally in Reichenberg, Sudetenland (now Liberec,...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Third Reich
Areas under the control of Nazi Germany in March 1939.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
German invasion of Poland in World War II
German soldiers breaking down a barricade at the Polish border at the outbreak of...
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
World War II: Germany invading Poland
Germany invading Poland, September 1, 1939.
Photos.com/Thinkstock
Dunkirk evacuation
British and other Allied troops waiting to be evacuated from the beach at Dunkirk,...
© Photos.com/Getty Images Plus
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (centre) in front of the Eiffel Tower in Paris shortly after signing...
National Archives, Washington, D.C.
German bombing of London during the Blitz
The dome of St. Paul's Cathedral in London, visible through smoke generated by German...
New Times Paris Bureau Collection/USIA/NARA
Third Reich; World War II
A German soldier manning an antiaircraft cannon next to the Temple of Zeus in Athens,...
German Federal Archives (Bundesarchiv), Bild 101I-165-0432-17A
U-218
Launching of U-218 at Kiel, Germany, in 1941.
From J.P. Mallmann Showell, U-Boats under the Swastika (1987)
Operation Torch
Allied troops landing on a beach near Algiers during Operation Torch, November 8,...
National Archives, Washington, D.C.
Battle of Stalingrad
Captured German soldiers after the Battle of Stalingrad, January 1943.
AP/REX/Shutterstock.com
Greatest extent of territory controlled by or allied with Germany, November 1942
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Auschwitz: entrance gates
The entrance gates to the Auschwitz concentration camp, near Kraków, Poland; the...
© Lisa Lubin - www.llworldtour.com (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
Lidice: memorial and museum
Memorial and museum in Lidice, Czech Republic.
Peter Stehlik
Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini
Italian dictator Benito Mussolini (left) touring the Eastern Front with German dictator...
AP/REX/Shutterstock.com
Speer, Albert
Albert Speer, c. 1933–36.
German Federal Archives (Bundesarchiv), Bild 146II-277; photograph, Binder
Third Reich; World War II
Allied advances from the D-Day landings to the crossing of the Rhine.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Learn about the Allies' invasion routes and the German defenses in northern France during the Normandy Invasion
Overview map of the Normandy Invasion of June 6, 1944, during World War II.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Claus, Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg
Claus, Graf (count) Schenk von Stauffenberg.
Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group/REX/Shutterstock.com
Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini after the July Plot failed
Adolf Hitler (right) and Benito Mussolini (left) at the damaged Wolfsschanze (Wolf's...
Keystone—Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Third Reich
The extent of the Third Reich in May 1945.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
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