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Larix griffithii
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Larix griffithii

tree

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  • golden larch
    In larch

    One species, Larix griffithii, is found only in the Himalayas. A larch has the pyramidal growth habit typical of conifers, but the leaves are shed in autumn like those of deciduous trees. The short needlelike leaves are arranged spirally on new growth and in whorls at the…

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perennial
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hybrid tea rose eastern red columbine Perennial agriculture
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hybrid tea rose
hybrid tea rose Hybrid tea rose. Roses and many other garden flowers are perennial plants that persist year after year.

perennial

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eastern red columbine
eastern red columbineEastern red columbine flower (Aquilegia canadensis), Great Smoky Mountains National Park.

perennial, any plant that persists for several years, usually with new herbaceous growth from a part that survives from growing season to growing season. Trees and shrubs, including all gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants), are perennials, as are some herbaceous (nonwoody) flowering plants and vegetative ground covers. Herbaceous perennials in cold climates typically survive winter by means of underground root or stem modifications, such as bulbs, corms, tubers, or rhizomes; the aboveground portions of these plants often die back in autumn. See also annual; biennial.

Perennial agriculture
Perennial agricultureTwo workers harvesting cranberries in a commercial cranberry bog in Massachusetts.

Most garden perennials have only a limited flowering period, but, with maintenance throughout the growing season, they provide a leafy presence and shape to the garden landscape. Popular herbaceous perennials include bellflowers, chrysanthemums, columbines, dahlias, larkspurs, hollyhocks, phlox, pinks, poppies, and primroses. In agriculture, a number of economically important crops are perennials and produce a harvest for a number of years. These include all tree crops (such as apples, citrus, nuts, coffee, chocolate, oil palm, etc.), blueberries, cranberries, asparagus, grapes, alfalfa, rhubarb, chives, mint, and others.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by Melissa Petruzzello.
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