Festus Mogae (born August 21, 1939, Serowe, Bechuanaland Protectorate [now Botswana]) is an economist and politician who served as president of Botswana (1998–2008).
Mogae was a member of the Ngwato, the largest Tswana group in colonial Botswana (Bechuanaland Protectorate). His father was a headman of the Talaote, a Kalanga (Shona) clan among the Ngwato. After completing secondary education at nearby Moeng College and in London, Mogae took a first degree at University College, Oxford, and a master’s in development economics from the University of Sussex, Brighton, England. He then joined (1968) the Development Planning (later the Finance and Development Planning) Ministry of newly independent Botswana under Vice Pres. Quett Ketumile Joni Masire and became a key figure in Botswana’s remarkable rise to economic prosperity, heading (1975–76) that ministry’s permanent staff.
In 1976 Mogae was recruited by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in Washington, D.C., as alternate executive and then executive director for Anglophone Africa. He returned home to serve as governor of the central bank of Botswana (1980–81) and as permanent secretary (1982–89) to Masire, who had become president in 1980. Their close relationship led to Mogae’s leaving government and becoming (1989) a politician in the ruling Botswana Democratic Party (BDP); the move enabled Mogae to be named minister of finance and development planning. He subsequently stood as an MP for Palapye, where his father had been headman, and was appointed Masire’s vice president in 1992 after the resignation of Peter Mmusi.
Mogae succeeded Masire as president in April 1998. He then made the controversial move of recruiting as his vice president Ian Khama—substantive chief of the Ngwato and son of Botswana’s first president, Sir Seretse Khama—and appointing BDP faction leader Ponatshego Kedikilwe as minister of finance and development planning. In other respects Mogae continued the policies of his predecessor and successfully steered the BDP through the 1999 elections. He made himself internationally distinctive among African leaders by acknowledging the international scientific consensus surrounding the HIV/AIDS epidemic. President Mogae invited international assistance and, in a June 2001 speech before the UN General Assembly, described the epidemic as a national crisis that threatened the very survival of his people. Mogae was viewed as a shy but principled technocrat who did not shrink from the highest responsibilities. His background at the IMF and his criticism of the repressive regime of Robert Mugabe in Zimbabwe, however, left him open to being seen as too pro-Western.
After relinquishing the presidency to Khama in April 2008, Mogae was elevated to the status of elder statesman. Later that year Mogae was the recipient of the Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership, which carried a $5 million award over 10 years, a $200,000 annual lifetime stipend thereafter, and a discretionary $200,000 sum to be awarded (per year, for a decade) to Mogae-designated “good causes.” In the following years, Mogae continued to have an impact on politics but on a global scale as he took center stage as a speaker or panelist at various international conferences, lending his expertise to a range of topics, notably discussions about achieving growth in Africa and halting the AIDS scourge affecting that continent.