Vladimir Voronin (born May 25, 1941, Corjova, Moldavia, U.S.S.R. [now in Moldova]) was a Moldovan politician who served as president of Moldova from 2001 to 2009.
Voronin graduated from the Technical College of Chișinǎu in 1961 and from the Union Institute of Food Industry in 1971. After serving as a bread-factory director in the 1960s, he began a career as an official of the Moldavian Communist Party. During the next two decades he rose through party ranks, eventually becoming a member of the Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1980 and minister of internal affairs of the Moldavian S.S.R. in 1989.
With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 Moldova became an independent republic. In 1993 Voronin refounded the Moldavian Communist Party as the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM), becoming its president a year later. In 2001 the PCRM won parliamentary elections with slightly more than 50 percent of the vote, ending a decade of rule by a reformist government. Elected president by parliament in April, Voronin promised to create “modern socialism” by increasing the economic role of the state. During his first years in office, however, he struggled to reduce the country’s large foreign debt and high unemployment.
Despite Voronin’s generally pro-Russian foreign policy, relations with Moscow cooled in 2003 after he abandoned a proposal to grant autonomy to Transdniestria, a separatist region of Moldova with a large Russian military presence. Voronin later sought more active support from the West to resolve the conflict, proposing that international peacekeepers replace Russian troops in the region.
In 2005 the PCRM won a plurality in parliamentary elections, and Voronin was reelected to a second term as president. He promised to resolve the Transdniestria issue, improve living standards, remove restrictions on the media, and promote greater integration with Europe. In 2006 a referendum on a plan for Transdniestria to join Russia was approved by a majority of the region’s voters, but the change was not implemented because Voronin and the international community did not recognize the referendum’s validity. Although Voronin was ineligible to serve a third term as president, he remained in office after the April 2009 elections, as no party was able to secure the necessary seats to assume the presidency. In May he was also elected speaker of parliament. New parliamentary elections were held in July 2009, and the PCRM lost to a coalition of parties. Voronin resigned as speaker in August and as president in September.