Ahmadnagar, city, west-central Maharashtra state, western India. It lies in the Balaghat Range along the Sina River, 130 miles (210 km) east of Mumbai (Bombay).
The city was known as Bhinar in early Yadava times. It was conquered by Malik Aḥmad Niẓām Shah, founder of the Niẓām Shāhī dynasty, in 1490. The city was later taken by the Mughals, the Marathas, and the British. Chief among its historical sites are Aḥmad Niẓām Shah’s fort, in which Jawaharlal Nehru was imprisoned by the British in the 1940s, and the Mughal palace and gardens.
Ahmadnagar is connected by road and rail to Mumbai, Pune, and Solapur. The city is a commercial centre whose major industries are cotton and leather processing. It has colleges affiliated with the University of Pune. Agriculture is the mainstay of the surrounding area. Rainfall is extremely unreliable, however, and food scarcity is a perennial concern. Millet, wheat, and cotton are the locality’s chief dry crops, and sugarcane ranks as the most important irrigated crop. Industries include sugar processing and cotton ginning and pressing. Pop. (2001) 307,615; (2011) 350,859.