Changshu, city in southern Jiangsu sheng (province), China. Changshu is situated in the coastal plain some 22 miles (35 km) north of Suzhou, and it first became an independent county in 540 ce under the Nan (Southern) Liang dynasty (502–557). From Sui times (581–618) it was a subordinate county under Suzhou, to which it has always been intimately linked. Its seat was moved to the present site under the Song dynasty (960–1279). Under Yuan occupation (1279–1368) it was made the seat of a full prefecture, Changshu, in 1295, and in the early 14th century it was rebuilt and fortified. In 1370 the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) reduced it once again to a county. During the later Ming times in the 15th and 16th centuries it was attacked on several occasions by Japanese pirates. It was a centre for the production and collection of tax grain from early times, and, after the introduction of cotton to the area in the 13th century, it became a major cotton-producing district, supplying the textile industry of such towns as Songjiang (now in Shanghai municipality) and Changzhou, on the Grand Canal. Its role as a collecting centre was based on the dense network of canals and waterways that covers the whole plain between the Grand Canal and the sea coast. Since 1950 Changsu has flourished through the proliferation of light industry developed around its thriving spinning and weaving mills. Yushan township, to the northeast of Changshu, is a scenic location, rich in cultural artifacts. Although the city itself has been extremely prosperous, its population remained relatively small until the end of the 20th century, when it began to grow rapidly. Pop. (2002 est.) 451,712.