Jeb Bush

Jeb Bush (born February 11, 1953, Midland, Texas, U.S.) is an American politician who was governor of Florida (1999–2007) and who later sought the Republican Party nomination for president in 2016.

Bush was born into a political family. His paternal grandfather, Prescott S. Bush, was a U.S. senator, and both his father and his elder brother—George H.W. Bush and George W. Bush, respectively—later served as president of the United States. Jeb, whose nickname was based on his initials, attended Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. During his senior year he studied in Mexico, where he met Columba Garnica Gallo. The couple married in 1974 and later had three children. In 1995 Bush converted to his wife’s religion, Roman Catholicism.

After graduating from the University of Texas (B.A., 1974), Bush was hired by the Texas Commerce Bank, and for a time he worked at a branch in Venezuela. In 1979 his father entered the U.S. presidential race, and Jeb later left his job to work on the campaign. The senior Bush ultimately became the vice presidential running mate of Ronald Reagan, and the two were elected in 1980. The following year Jeb settled in Florida, where he became a real-estate developer. During that time he continued to be active in politics, serving as the chairman of the Republican Party in Dade county (1984–86) and as Florida’s commerce secretary (1987–88). In 1988 he worked on his father’s successful presidential campaign.

In 1994 Bush ran for governor of Florida on a conservative platform, opposing same-sex marriage and abortion rights while supporting capital punishment, welfare reform, and the privatization of various government sectors. He narrowly lost to the Democratic incumbent. Bush subsequently founded (1995) the Foundation for Florida’s Future, which sought to improve the state’s education system.

In 1998 Bush again ran for governor, and this time he easily won. After taking office the following year, he oversaw education reform and tax cuts, and he supported an environmental conservation program to protect the Everglades. In addition, he controversially signed an executive order (1999) that ended affirmative action in the state. In 2000 he worked on the presidential campaign of his brother, George W. Bush, who was elected to the presidency following a contested counting of Florida’s votes that was ultimately decided by the U.S. Supreme Court. In 2002 Jeb won a second term as governor. A supporter of immigration reform, in 2004 he backed legislation—which ultimately failed—that would allow illegal immigrants in Florida to obtain a driver’s license.

After leaving office in 2007, Bush served on the boards of various companies and founded a consulting firm while remaining active in politics. He cowrote (with Clint Bolick) Immigration Wars: Forging an American Solution (2013), in which he argued against a path to citizenhip for illegal immigrants and instead proposed granting them legal status. In 2015 Bush announced that he was entering the U.S. presidential election race of 2016. Shortly thereafter he published Reply All (2015), a collection of e-mail correspondence from his tenure as governor of Florida. Although a favourite of the party establishment, Bush struggled to gain support among Republican voters, who embraced more-unconventional candidates, notably businessman Donald Trump. After poor showings in the Iowa caucuses and the New Hampshire and South Carolina primaries, Bush suspended his campaign in February 2016.