Jining, former city, south-central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. In 2003 it became part of the large and newly formed Ulanqab municipality.
A town and a minor station named Pingdiquan before 1956, it was a collecting point on the east-west Beijing-Baotou railway. It experienced phenomenal growth after the completion in 1955 of a trunk railway northward to Erenhot on the Mongolian border, linking it with Ulaanbaatar (capital of Mongolia) and with the Trans-Siberian Railroad at Ulan-Ude in south-central Siberia (Russia). At Jining this line also connects with the east-west route from Beijing to Baotou and Lanzhou (Gansu province) and with the line via Datong and Taiyuan to central China. Jining thus became a key rail junction during the period when collaboration with the former Soviet Union and overland trade with eastern Europe were at their peak. Additionally, it was a rail-gauge junction, where trains were transferred from the Chinese gauge to the wider Mongolian and Russian gauge.
When the Chinese gauge was extended to Erenhot in the early 1960s, Jining’s importance decreased. Industries, mostly based on agriculture, have developed, including the processing of crops and meats, oil pressing, and wool production. Jining is also linked by highway to Kalgan (Zhangjiakou, Hebei province) and Hohhot in Inner Mongolia. Pop. (2002 est.) 227,191.