Alaa al-Aswany (born May 27, 1957, Cairo, Egypt) is an Egyptian author known for his best-selling novels and for his vocal criticism of the Egyptian government, especially its former president Hosni Mubarak.
Aswany was the son of Abbas al-Aswany, a lawyer enamoured of literature who was credited with reviving the maqāmah (anecdotes written in rhymed prose) genre and who won the 1972 State Award for Literature for his novel Al-Aswār al-ʿāliyah (“High Walls”). The younger Aswany attended the French Lycée in Cairo and graduated with an undergraduate degree (1980) in dentistry from Cairo University. He received an M.S. in dentistry from the University of Illinois at Chicago, finishing in only 11 months.
Aswany pursued dentistry and writing with equal fervour. He developed an interest in literature and culture early in life when his father allowed him to attend his literary gatherings. As a student, Aswany wrote short stories, plays, and newspaper articles dealing with politics and literary criticism. His father, however, strongly discouraged him from pursuing a career as a full-time writer.
The list of Aswany’s publications includes a novella, Awrāq ʿIṣām ʿAbd al-ʿĀṭī (1989; “The Isam Abd el-Ati Papers”)—which he published himself after encountering difficulties with government censors—and two volumes of short stories (1990 and 1997). The novella was eventually reprinted in the collection Nīrān ṣadīqah (2004; Friendly Fire), which also contains some of his stories. In 1993 he began writing a monthly column for the newspaper Al-ʿArabī. Aswany, who wrote in Arabic, was a staunch believer in reading national literatures in their original languages, and he studied Spanish to read the Spanish masterpieces. He also knew French and English.
Aswany’s first major novel, ʿImārat Yaʿqūbiyyān (The Yacoubian Building), attracted an unprecedented number of readers in Egypt and throughout the Arab world when it was published in 2002. The first edition sold out in 40 days, and nine more printings were subsequently ordered. The English version appeared in 2006 and was similarly successful. The Yacoubian Building is a story of social change in Egypt, presenting a pastiche of life—good and bad—in modern Cairo. It exposes corruption, abuse of power, and exploitation of the poor. (A Cairo building bearing the name Yacoubian actually housed the real-life law offices of the elder Aswany, though many of the details in the novel are fictional.) Aswany’s next novel, Chicago (2007), seems to mirror his own experiences as a student in the Midwestern city, although his story is set after the September 11 attacks, years after he actually resided in Chicago. It follows the lives of students and professors at a medical school through their various struggles involving religion and sexuality.
Aswany was an active supporter of the Egyptian uprising in 2011 that led to the resignation of Pres. Hosni Mubarak. Published that same year, On the State of Egypt translated into English a number of political essays that he had written for Egyptian newspapers in the preceding years. His 2018 novel Jumhūriyyah kaʾan (The Republic, As If), whose setting is the 2011 protests, was published in Beirut and banned in Egypt for its criticism of state institutions. A lawsuit was filed against him in March 2019 for a column he wrote for Deutsche Welle that criticized Pres. Abdel Fattah al-Sisi and the role of the Egyptian armed forces in civilian government.