colemanite, borate mineral, hydrated calcium borate (Ca2B6O11ยท5H2O) that was the principal source of borax until the 1930s. It typically occurs as colourless, brilliant crystals and masses in Paleogene and Neogene sediments (those formed 65.5 to 2.6 million years ago), where it has been derived from ulexite and borax. The chief localities are the Kramer district, Death Valley, and Daggett, Calif. Colemanite is an important source of commercial borates and boric acid. For detailed physical properties, see borate mineral (table). See also borax.