flag of the Dominican Republic

Christopher Columbus visited the island of Hispaniola in 1492, claiming it for the Spanish monarchy. However, French colonists in the 17th century established a state known as Saint-Domingue (Saint-Dominique) in the western part of the island, which subsequently became Haiti. The Spanish-speaking area in the east was conquered by the newly independent Republic of Haiti in 1822. One of the national flags of Haiti had equal horizontal stripes of blue and red, and it was that flag that formed the basis for the revolutionary banner eventually raised in the Spanish-speaking areas.

The Dominican revolutionary group known as La Trinitaria emphasized its Christian heritage by placing a white cross on the background of the blue-red flag. The revolution led by La Trinitaria broke out on February 27, 1844, and the flag, designed by Juan Pablo Duarte, was hoisted the next day. The success of the independence movement led to a constitution for the country, which established the official flag on November 6, 1844. The order of the colours at the fly end was reversed, so that henceforth the blue and red would alternate, with the white cross between them. The coat of arms incorporates on its central shield the national flag, a Bible, and a cross, together with branches of laurel and palm, the name of the country, and the motto “Dios, patria, libertad” (“God, fatherland, liberty”). With some artistic variations, the flag has continued in use to the present day.