flag of Puerto Rico

In the late 19th century, as pro-independence sentiment grew in the Caribbean islands under Spanish dominion, many activists in Cuba and Puerto Rico were exiled to the United States or elsewhere. In New York City a flag was chosen in exile by the Puerto Rican section of the Cuban Revolutionary Party on December 22, 1895. The design was simply the Cuban flag with a reversal of the red and blue colours. In turn the Cuban flag had been derived from the United States flag in its choice of colours, use of stripes, and emphasis on a white star against a distinctive coloured background. There have been two claimants to the honour of designing the Puerto Rican flag. Some insist that Antonio Vélez Alvarado conceived the flag and that it was sewn by Micaela Dalmau de Carreras, while others point to Manuel de Besosa as the designer and his daughter Mima as the seamstress.

During U.S. administration of Puerto Rico following the Spanish-American War (1898), the flag was frequently treated as a revolutionary provocation. The attachment of Puerto Ricans to the design, however, guaranteed its official recognition on July 25, 1952, when Puerto Rico officially became a commonwealth associated with the United States. The star is described as representing the commonwealth, and the white stripes stand for human rights and the freedom of the individual. The three red stripes and the three corners of the triangle correspond to the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the government.