Cornplanter (born c. 1732, New York? [U.S.]—died February 18, 1836, Warren county, Pennsylvania, U.S.) was a Seneca Indian leader who aided white expansion into Indian territory in the eastern United States.
Cornplanter’s father was a white trader of English or Dutch ancestry named John O’Bail, and his mother was a Seneca Indian. Little is known of his early life. During the American Revolution, Cornplanter fought on the side of the British and led attacks on American settlements in New York and Pennsylvania. Following the war, however, he participated in the negotiation of three principal treaties (1784, 1789, and 1794) that ceded large tracts of Indian land to the U.S. government. His advocacy of Indian nonresistance to white expansion and his acceptance of a land grant from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania earned him the enmity of his tribe. By 1791 he had been displaced as leader of the Seneca by the more militant Red Jacket. Cornplanter retired to his lands in Pennsylvania and for a time received a yearly pension from the U.S. government. Toward the end of his life, he was reported to have renounced his close ties with whites and the U.S. government.