Georges Courteline (born June 25, 1858, Tours, France—died June 25, 1929, Paris) was a French writer and dramatist whose humorous work is a brilliant social anatomy of the late 19th-century middle and lower-middle classes.
Courteline’s father, the humorist Jules Moinaux, tried to dissuade his son from following a literary career. Courteline was obliged to serve in a cavalry regiment and then work in the offices of the Ministry of the Interior (though he seldom attended). He began to publish sketches and short stories. From 1891 he offered farces to the leading Parisian theatres, including André Antoine’s Théâtre-Libre. After 1894 he was able to devote himself entirely to literature.
Courteline’s volumes of novels and short stories include Les Gaîtés de l’escadron (1886, dramatized 1895; “The High Spirits of the Squadron”), Le Train 8 h. 47 (1888; “The 8:47 Train”), Lidoire et la biscotte (1892; “Lidoire and the Biscuit”), and Messieurs les ronds-de-cuir (1893; The Bureaucrats). He had many plays produced, notably the farces Boubouroche (1893), La Paix chez soi (1903; “The Peace at His Place”), and La Conversion d’Alceste (1905).
Courteline’s works present a colourful and acutely observed picture of his day. He portrayed the life of the barrack room, the office, and the middle class with shrewdness and accuracy, though his powerful sense of humour often concealed a fundamental bitterness. He possessed a talent for creating real human characters, such as the gullible Boubouroche, and his gift for comedy with tragic overtones led to comparisons with Molière, but the manners and problems of the social types that inhabit his plays—civil servants, officers, magistrates, and concierges—now seem somewhat dated.