Victor McKusick (born Oct. 21, 1921, Parkman, Maine, U.S.—died July 22, 2008, Baltimore, Md.) was an American physician and genome researcher who pioneered the field of medical genetics.
McKusick was raised on a dairy farm in Maine. He attended Tufts University (1940–43) in Medford, Mass., before transferring to Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (M.D., 1946) in Baltimore to train as a cardiologist. There he specialized in the study and treatment of heart murmurs. McKusick later published the influential textbook Cardiovascular Sound in Health and Disease (1958). An encounter with a heart patient whose malfunctioning aorta was symptomatic of Marfan syndrome, a rare inherited disease, triggered McKusick’s switch to genetics. In 1957 he founded the first medical genetics clinic at Johns Hopkins, serving as its director until 1975. McKusick also chaired the department of medicine at Johns Hopkins (1973–85), where he remained as a professor of medical genetics (1985–2007).
McKusick’s most significant research included identifying the gene that causes Marfan syndrome and pinpointing the genetic basis for a form of dwarfism known as McKusick-Kaufman syndrome, which is unusually common among the Amish people. He was the founding president (1988–91) of the Human Genome Organisation (HUGO) and the creator of the multivolume reference work Mendelian Inheritance in Man (12 editions, 1966–98) and its Internet corollary (from 1987), the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM).
McKusick was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1973. He was the recipient of numerous honours, including Canada’s Gairdner Award (1977), the Albert Lasker Award for Special Achievement in Medical Science (1997), the U.S. National Medal of Science (2001), and the Japan Prize in Medical Genomics and Genetics (2008).