San-ch’ing, highest triad of deities in the generalized pantheon of sectarian religious Taoism. First in evidence during the T’ang dynasty, the triad represented a ranking of three deities associated with the three highest heavens (or “pure” realms) in the Taoist cosmology. Today the deities are identified as: Yüan-shih t’ien-tsun (Original Beginning Heavenly Worthy), Ling-pao t’ien-tsun (Numinous Jewel Heavenly Worthy; also known as T’ai-shang tao-chün, or Grand Lord of the tao), and Tao-te t’ien-tsun (Tao and Its Power Heavenly Worthy; also known as T’ai-shang Lao-chün, or Grand Lord Lao). In contemporary Taoism, these deities are often invoked during community renewal rituals that are known as chiao.