Vilalba, town, Lugo provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Galicia, northwestern Spain. The town is on the left bank of the Ladra River, northwest of Lugo city. It has the remains of a 14th-century castle. Situated in a fertile agricultural and pastoral region, Vilalba has meat- and cheese-processing industries. Iron and manganese are mined in the area. Pop. (2008 est.) 5,791.