Rahul Gandhi
Rahul Gandhi (born June 19, 1970, Delhi, India) is an Indian politician and leading figure of the Indian National Congress (Congress Party). He was born the son of Rajiv Gandhi, a grandson of Indira Gandhi, and a great grandson of Jawaharlal Nehru, all of whom served as prime ministers of India. His mother, Sonia Gandhi, also played a leading role in the Congress Party. Gandhi led the Congress Party and the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance in the 2024 Lok Sabha elections.
(Read Indira Gandhi’s 1975 Britannica essay on global underprivilege.)
Rahul Gandhi kept a low public profile for much of his early life. He was homeschooled after the assassination of Indira Gandhi in 1984. He began his university education at St. Stephen’s College in Delhi and later attended Harvard University, but he transferred to Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida, after his father’s assassination, in 1991. He received a bachelor’s degree in 1994, and a year later he earned a master’s degree from Trinity College, Cambridge. He then worked with a consulting firm in the United Kingdom before returning to India and helping establish a firm in Mumbai.
Gandhi entered politics in 2004 when he was elected to the Lok Sabha for the first time. He kept his seat there following the 2009 contest. In 2013 he was named the Congress Party’s vice president and became its de facto (though never official) candidate for prime minister in the 2014 polls. Although he again retained his Lok Sabha seat in that election, his party suffered a humiliating loss to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) after the Congress’s image had been tarnished by a string of corruption scandals. Despite the Congress Party’s poor performance at the polls, Gandhi and his mother retained their leadership positions.
He became head of the Congress Party in late 2017 after Sonia Gandhi decided to retire from leadership. He faced a number of criticisms, including that he, as the fourth generation of the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty, was elitist and lacklustre. He was also criticized by members of the BJP and by members of his own party for his outward display of devotion to Shiva, one of Hinduism’s main deities, which many dismissed as a political stunt meant to tap into the BJP’s appeal to Hindu populism. Still, some observers believed that Gandhi’s display of Hindu devotion and his efforts to unite rival factions within the party helped the Congress outperform the BJP in the 2018 state elections held in the Hindu strongholds of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Chhattisgarh. The Congress performed only marginally better in the 2019 elections for the Lok Sabha than it did in 2014, however, prompting him to step down from leading the party. Sonia Gandhi was selected to lead the Congress Party until a successor could be found in October 22, when Sonia Gandhi stepped down and veteran congress leader Mallikarjun Kharge took over as party president.
In March 2023 Gandhi was convicted of defamation and sentenced to two years in prison for his comment that referred to people with the surname “Modi” as thieves—the same surname as the India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The plaintiff, a BJP legislator named Purnesh Modi, had argued that Gandhi had defamed people with the surname “Modi.” A day after his conviction, Gandhi was disqualified as the member of the Indian parliament. On 4 August, 2023, the Supreme Court of India suspended Gandhi’s conviction and shortly after, he was reinstated as a member of parliament.
Gandhi led the Congress Party in the 2024 Lok Sabha elections, and organized two Nyay Yatras (“justice tours”) to reach out to the masses across the country. The Congress and its allies won 234 seats out 543 in the election result, reducing the BJP’s absolute majority in the Lok Sabha to 240 seats, 32 short of the target of 272. The BJP formed the government with 293 seats with help from its allies. Rahul Gandhi ran for office from two constituencies—Rae Bareli in Uttar Pradesh and Wayanad in Kerala—and won both. He vacated Wayanad and retained Rae Bareli, a Congress stronghold previously held by his mother Sonia Gandhi.