Desert Rats
Desert Rats, group of British soldiers who helped defeat the Germans in North Africa during World War II. The Desert Rats, led by Gen. John Harding, were especially noted for a hard-fought three-month campaign against the more-experienced German Afrika Korps, led by Gen. Erwin Rommel (“The Desert Fox”).
The term “Rats of Tobruk,” a moniker applied by the Nazi propagandist broadcaster William Joyce (“Lord Haw-Haw”), referred more generally to any of the Allied troops who defended Tobruk, Libya. Tobruk, a key deepwater port city, had been captured on January 22, 1941, by the Desert Rats and the 6th Australian Division as part of a major Allied offensive that saw Italian forces under Rodolfo Graziani effectively wiped out. A counteroffensive launched by Rommel in March enjoyed spectacular success, negating most of the Allied territorial gains, with the notable exception of Tobruk.
By April 13, 1941, Tobruk had been encircled, but its tenacious defenders—including 14,000 Australians from the 9th and 7th Divisions, roughly 4,000 troops of the Polish Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade, and some 8,000 British and Indian troops—held out for nearly eight months until Allied forces could lift the siege. During that time, the Rats of Tobruk were subjected to near constant shelling and aerial bombardment, but they emerged from their defenses at night to carry out an effective guerrilla campaign against their attackers. British control of the Mediterranean allowed the Royal Navy and the Royal Australian Navy to ferry vital supplies to Tobruk’s defenders and to relieve or reinforce battle-worn units. The garrison’s defiance in the face of the German military juggernaut provided a valuable morale boost to Allied armies at an especially dark time of the war.